Uninzi lwe-processing yentsimbi lubandakanya i-pressure processing, nto leyo ebangela ukuba intsimbi ecutshungulwayo (ezifana nee-billets okanye ii-ingots) iguquke iplastiki. Ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu bokucubungula, oku kunokwahlulwa kube ziintlobo ezimbini: i-cold working kunye ne-hot working.
Izinto zokuvavanya intsimbi kwizinto zesinyithi:
Uvavanyo loBume beeKhemikhali
Ukuhlalutya umxholo wezinto ezifana ne-C, S, P, Mn, Si, Cr, kunye ne-Ni kwintsimbi. Oku kunceda ekumiseleni ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zentsimbi kunye nokuvavanya ukuba iyahlangabezana na nemigangatho echaziweyo, ngaloo ndlela kuvavanywa iimfuno zeempawu zoomatshini, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nezinye izinto.
Uvavanyo lwePropati yoMatshini
Ibandakanya izalathisi ezinje ngamandla okutsalwa, amandla okukhupha, ukuqina kwempembelelo, kunye nobunzima. Ezi zalathisi zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo neempawu zokusebenza kwentsimbi, ezinje ngomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokumelana nempembelelo. Uvavanyo lwepropathi yoomatshini luqinisekisa ukuba intsimbi iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoomatshini zeendawo ezithile zesicelo.
Uvavanyo lokunyamezelana kobukhulu
Oku kuquka ukulinganisa iiparameters zobukhulu ezifana nobubanzi, ubude, kunye nobubanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba intsimbi iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo lwemveliso kunye nesicelo. Oku kunceda ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokucubungula nokufakela intsimbi ngelixa kuqinisekiswa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo.
Uvavanyo loMgangatho woMphezulu
Oku kuvavanya ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nobungakanani bokugqwala kwintsimbi. Umgangatho womphezulu uchaphazela kakhulu ubuhle bentsimbi kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Inkqubo yoVavanyo lweNsimbi
Inkqubo yokuvavanya intsimbi idla ngokuquka la manyathelo abalulekileyo alandelayo:
Ukusampula Izinto
Eli linyathelo lokuqala kuvavanyo lwentsimbi, olubandakanya ukukhethwa okungacwangciswanga kweesampuli ezivela kwizinto eziluhlaza okanye kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo zovavanyo. Ukuthatha iisampulu kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba iisampuli zimelele kakuhle ukuze iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ngokuchanekileyo umgangatho webhetshi yonke.
Uhlolo olubonakalayo
Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo linqanaba lokuqala lokwamkelwa kwentsimbi, elisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba kukho iingxaki zomgangatho ezicacileyo kumphezulu wentsimbi, ezifana nokugqwala, ukungalungelelani komphezulu, imikrwelo, okanye ukuqhekeka. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukujonga ukuba umphezulu wentsimbi uthe tyaba kwaye ugudile, nokuba icandelo elinqamlezileyo lineziphene, imifantu, iimbobo, okanye izinto ezifakiweyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zomphezulu zicacile kwaye amanani entsimbi ahambelana nalawo akumaxwebhu okwamkelwa.
Umlinganiselo woBume
Ukulinganisa ubukhulu linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekwamkelweni kwentsimbi, elijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ubude, ububanzi, ubukhulu, ububanzi, ukujikeleza, kunye neminye imilinganiselo yentsimbi iyahlangabezana na neemfuno. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifana neerula zentsimbi kunye nee-caliper ze-vernier.
Uhlalutyo loBume beeKhemikhali
Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba intsimbi iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni zokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana nee-spectrometers kunye nee-mass spectrometers, umxholo wezinto ezahlukeneyo kwisixhobo uyahlalutywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukwakheka kwe-alloy kuyahlangabezana neemfuno. Uhlalutyo lokwakheka kweekhemikhali ludla ngokubandakanya amanqanaba amaninzi, kubandakanya ukusampula, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, ukumisela, kunye nokubala.
Uvavanyo lwePropati yoMatshini
Intsimbi kufuneka ibe neempawu ezithile zoomatshini, ezinje ngamandla, ukuqina, kunye nobunzima. Iindlela ezinje ngovavanyo lokutsalwa, uvavanyo lwempembelelo, kunye novavanyo lobunzima zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zoomatshini zezinto ziyahlangabezana neemfuno. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwamandla lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa umatshini wokuvavanya ukutsalwa ukumisela iiparameter ezinje ngamandla okuvelisa kunye namandla okutsalwa; uvavanyo lokutsalwa lusebenzisa i-extensometer okanye umatshini wokuvavanya ukutsalwa ukulinganisa utshintsho kubude phantsi koxinzelelo lokutsalwa.
Uvavanyo lokuchasana nokugqwala kunye novavanyo olungonakalisiyo
Kwintsimbi esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kufuneka kuvavanywe. Uvavanyo lokugqwala lulinganisa indlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo kwiindawo ezimanzi okanye ezigqwala ukuze kuvavanywe ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala. Uvavanyo Olungonakalisiyo: Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa abavavanyi be-ultrasonic, abavavanyi be-magnetic particles, izixhobo ze-X-ray, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokufumanisa iziphene zangaphakathi kwintsimbi, ezifana nokuqhekeka, ukugquma, kunye nokuqhekeka.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweempawu kunye neziphumo zovavanyo
Emva kokugqiba zonke iimvavanyo ezifunekayo, iziphumo kufuneka zithelekiswe nemigangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba intsimbi iyahlangabezana neemfuno, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe iimpawu ezifanelekileyo. Impembelelo yezi zinto zokuhlola kwintsimbi ibonakala kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo: Ukuqinisekisa Umgangatho kunye Nokusebenza Kwentsimbi: Ngezibonisi zokuvavanya ezifana nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini, kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba intsimbi iyahambelana nemigangatho echaziweyo kwaye inomgangatho kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo.
Iimpembelelo eziphambili zokuhlolwa kwentsimbi
Ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwemveliso:Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwakha, umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwentsimbi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Uvavanyo lwenza ukuba kubonwe iziphene kunye neengxaki kwintsimbi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe iingozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko.
Ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokucubungula:Ngokuvavanya izalathisi ezifana nokunyamezelana kobukhulu kunye nomgangatho womphezulu, iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nokucubungula zinokuphuculwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-06-2026
