He aha ngā paerewa e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa maitai whakawhiti hinu me te hau? He aha ngā tirotiro e mahia ana mō ngā hua?

I tēnei wā, ko ngā paerewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā paipa maitai tuku hinu me te hau i roto i te motu me te ao whānui ko:
(1) API SPEC 5L "Whakatakotoranga mō te Paipa Raina" nā te American Petroleum Institute.
(2) Ngā paerewa o te ao ISO 3183-1, -2, -3 "Ngā Ahumahi Hinu me te Hau Taiao - Paipa Rino mō ngā Paipa - Ngā Tikanga Tukunga Hangarau".
(3) Mō ētahi paipa tawhiti nui, ka whakatūria ngā tikanga hangarau hoko tāpiri i runga i ngā taiao whakahaere motuhake.

 

I. Te Whakarōpūtanga me ngā Rerekētanga Matua o ngā Paipa Rino i roto i ngā Paerewa API mō te Tuku Hinu me te Hau

Ko te API 5L e pā ana ki te paerewa whakatinanatanga mō ngā paipa paipa, e rua ngā wāhanga matua: ngā paipa maitai kore hononga me ngā paipa maitai whakarewa. Mō ngā paipa tuku hinu, ko ngā momo paipa whakarewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā paipa whakarewa Spiral Submerged Arc Welded (Ngā paipa SSAW), Ngā paipa whakarewa porowhita kua rukuhia ki raro (Ngā paipa LSAW), me ngā paipa whakarewa ātete hiko (Ngā paipa ERW). Ngā paipa maitai kore-tuituika tīpakohia i te nuinga o te wā ina iti iho te diameter o te paipa i te 152 mm.

Ko te paerewa ā-motu o Haina GB/T 9711-2011 "Ngā Ahumahi Hinu me te Hau Taiao - Paipa Rino mō ngā Pūnaha Kawe Paipa" i hangaia i runga i te API 5L.
E whakamārama ana a GB/T 9711-2011 i ngā whakaritenga hanga mō ngā paipa rino kore hononga me ngā paipa whakarewa i ngā taumata whakatakotoranga hua e rua (PSL1 me PSL2) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha kawe paipa hinu me te hau māori. Nō reira, e pā ana tēnei paerewa ki ngā paipa rino kore hononga me ngā paipa whakarewa mō te tuku hinu me te hau māori anake, kaua ki ngā paipa rino maka.

 

Ngā Tohu Rino
E kapi ana te paerewa API 5L i te whānuitanga o ngā momo maitai mō ngā rauemi mata, tae atu ki a GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X70, X80, me ētahi atu. He rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rauemi mata me ngā tukanga whakaputa mō ngā momo maitai rerekē, engari he tino whakahaeretia te ōrite o te waro i waenga i ngā momo rerekē.

 

Ngā Paerewa Kounga
I roto i tePaipa maitai API 5LKo te paerewa, ka wehea ngā whakaritenga kounga ki te PSL1 me te PSL2. Ko te PSL he whakarāpopototanga mō te Taumata Whakatakotoranga Hua.
E whakarato ana a PSL1 i ngā whakaritenga kounga whānui mō ngā paipa paipa, ko PSL2 ia e whakauru ana i ngā whakaritenga ā-ture mō te hanganga matū, te pakari o te kohao, ngā āhuatanga kaha, me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro tāpiri (NDE).
Mō ngā paipa PSL1, he rite tonu te taumata o te paipa ki te taumata maitai (hei tauira, X42, ko te 42 te tohu o te kaha tuku iti rawa i roto i te psi). Ko te taumata he mea tito mai i ngā reta, he huinga rānei o ngā reta me ngā tau e tohu ana i te taumata kaha o te paipa, ā, e pā ana ki te hanganga matū o te maitai.
Mō ngā paipa PSL2, ko te taumata he mea tito anō hoki i ngā reta, i te huinga rānei o ngā reta me ngā tau e tohu ana i te taumata kaha o te paipa, ā, e pā ana ki te hanganga matū o te maitai. Hei tāpiri, kei roto he tāpiritanga kotahi (R, N, Q, M rānei) e tohu ana i te āhua tuku. Mō ngā paipa PSL2, i muri i te āhua tuku, tera pea he reta e tohu ana i te āhua ratonga: S mō ngā taiao ratonga kawa, O rānei mō ngā taiao ratonga tai.

 

Te Whakataurite i ngā Paerewa Kounga

1. He teitei ake ngā paerewa kounga o te PSL2 i te PSL1. He rerekē ēnei taumata whakatakotoranga e rua, ehara i te mea ko ngā whakaritenga tirotiro anake, engari ko ngā whakaritenga hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga mīhini anō hoki. Nō reira, i te wā e tono ana i runga i te API 5L, me tāpiri atu ki te tohu i ngā tohu noa pēnei i ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā tohu maitai i roto i te kirimana, me tohu anō hoki te taumata whakatakotoranga hua (PSL1, PSL2 rānei). He tino pakari ake te PSL2 i te PSL1 i runga i te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga kume, te kaha pānga, me ngā tohu whakamātautau kore-whakangaro.
2. Kāore a PSL1 e hiahia ana ki te whakamātautau i te mahi pānga, engari ko tā PSL2 e hiahia ana kia rite ngā uara toharite o te 0°C Akv (pūngao pānga) rahi-katoa ki te: roa ≥ 41 J me te whakawhiti ≥ 27 J. Mō te kounga maitai X80, ko ngā uara toharite o te 0°C Akv rahi-katoa ki te: roa ≥ 101 J me te whakawhiti ≥ 68 J.
3. Me whakamātautau wai-pūmau ngā paipa paipa i ia paipa, ā, kāore te paerewa e whakaae kia whakakapia te whakamātautau wai-pūmau ki te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro. He rerekētanga nui tēnei i waenga i ngā paerewa API me ngā paerewa Hainamana. Kāore a PSL1 e hiahia ki te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro, ko PSL2 ia e hiahia ana ki te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro i ia paipa.

 

II. Te Whakarōpūtanga me ngā Rerekētanga Matua o ngā Paipa Rino i roto i ngā Paerewa ISO mō ngā Paipa Rino Kore-Tuku Hinu me te Hau

I roto i te paerewa ISO 3183 mō ngā paipa maitai tuku hinu me te hau, ka whakarōpūtia ngā paipa maitai kia toru ngā wāhanga (A, B, me C) i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ngā whakaritenga kounga, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā whakaritenga Wāhanga A, Wāhanga B, me Wāhanga C.
Ko ngā rerekētanga matua koia ēnei: ​​Ko ngā whakaritenga paerewa ISO 3183-1 Grade A e whakatū ana i ngā whakaritenga kounga taketake e rite ana ki ērā o te API SPEC 5L, he whānui te āhua. Ko ngā whakaritenga paerewa ISO 3183-2 Grade B, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā whakaritenga taketake, kei roto ko ngā whakaritenga tāpiri mō te pakari me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro. Mō ētahi tono motuhake, pērā i ngā taiao kawa, ngā āhuatanga o te moana, me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana iti, e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga tino kaha mō te kounga me te whakamātautau o ngā paipa maitai kore hononga, ko ēnei e whakaatahia ana i roto i ngā whakaritenga paerewa ISO 3183-3 Grade C.

 

Kua piri tonu mātou ki ngā paerewa teitei i roto i te umanga paipa maitai whakawhiti hinu me te hau. Kei a mātou hua te tiwhikete API, ā, ka hangaia me te tirotirohia ngā hua katoa i runga anō i ngā paerewa matua o te ao me te motu pēnei i te API 5L me te GB/T 9711-2011, kia mau ai te kounga teitei, te pono, me te haumaru. Ka tutuki i a rātou ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga mō ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki ngā paipa tawhiti, ngā taiao kawa, me ngā taiao moana. Kōwhiria ā mātou paipa maitai mō āu kaupapa paipa, ā, ka wheako i te rangimarie o te hinengaro e puta mai ana i te whakamahi i ngā hua kua tiwhiketehia, kounga teitei.