Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov - quenching, tempering, normalizing, annealing

Kev ua kom cov hlau kub yog ua kom cov hlau kub mus rau qhov kub tseem ceeb Ac3a (sub-eutectic steel) lossis Ac1 (over-eutectic steel) siab dua qhov kub thiab txias, tuav rau ib lub sijhawm, kom tag nrho lossis ib feem ntawm austenitization, thiab tom qab ntawd sai dua qhov txias tseem ceeb ntawm qhov txias ntawm qhov txias ntawm qhov txias ntawm qhov txias ceev mus rau Ms hauv qab (lossis Ms ze ntawm isothermal) rau kev hloov pauv ntawm martensite (lossis bainite) cov txheej txheem kho cua sov. Feem ntau kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv aluminium, tooj liab alloys, titanium alloys, iav tempered thiab lwm yam khoom siv khoom pabcuam "lossis nrog cov txheej txheem txias sai cov txheej txheem kho cua sov hu ua quenching".

 

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tua hluav taws:
(1) Txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau rau hauv cov khoom siv lossis qhov chaw.
(2) txhim kho cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qee cov hlau tshwj xeeb

 

Cov txheej txheem quenching: feem ntau yog ib qho kua quenching, ob chav kua hluav taws, qib quenching, isothermal quenching, localized quenching thiab lwm yam.

Tempering yog cov hlau uas tau quenched rau hauv ib yam khoom lossis ib feem uas tau rhuab mus rau ib qho kub, tom qab tuav ib lub sijhawm, txias rau hauv ib txoj kev kho cua sov. Tempering yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd tom qab quenching, feem ntau kuj yog lub workpiece rau kev kho cua sov ntawm cov txheej txheem kawg, yog li cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke ntawm quenching thiab tempering hu ua kev kho zaum kawg.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tempering yog rau:
(1) txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub koom haum, yog li ntawd cov workpiece hauv kev siv cov txheej txheem tsis tshwm sim hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev hloov pauv, yog li ntawd cov duab geometry thiab cov khoom ntawm workpiece tseem ruaj khov.
(2) Tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm thiab ruaj khov cov duab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm.

(3) kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv.

 

Cov kev cai tempering: kev siv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau tempered ntawm qhov kub sib txawv kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv. (1) cov cuab yeej txiav, cov kabmob, cov khoom siv carburizing quenched, cov khoom siv quenched nto feem ntau yog tempered ntawm 250 ℃ qis dua qhov kub qis tempering, qhov nyuaj tsis hloov pauv ntau tom qab qhov kub qis tempering, qhov nyuaj tsis hloov pauv ntau, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv raug txo qis, qhov tawv tawv tau txhim kho me ntsis. (2) caij nplooj ntoos hlav hauv 350 ~ 500 ℃ hauv qab qhov kub nruab nrab tempering, tuaj yeem tau txais elasticity siab thiab toughness tsim nyog. (3) cov khoom siv hlau nruab nrab-carbon ua los ntawm qhov kub siab tempering feem ntau ntawm 500 ~ 600 ℃, txhawm rau kom tau txais lub zog thiab toughness ntawm qhov sib phim zoo.

 

Kev ua kom zoo li qub yog ib hom kev kho cua sov los txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm cov hlau, cov khoom siv hlau raug cua sov rau qhov kub Ac3 siab tshaj 30 ~ 50 ℃, tom qab tuav ib lub sijhawm tawm ntawm huab cua txias. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias qhov txias sai dua li qhov rov qab thiab qis dua li qhov quenching. Kev ua kom zoo li qub tuaj yeem txias sai dua me ntsis hauv cov hlau crystalline refinement, ib qho kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem tau txais lub zog txaus siab, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov me me capriciousness (AKV tus nqi), txo qhov nyiam tawg ntawm cov khoom, qee cov hlau kub dov tsawg alloy, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj alloy forgings thiab castings los ntawm kev ua kom zoo li qub, cov khoom siv kho tshuab tag nrho ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ua si kom zoo dua, tab sis kuj txhim kho kev ua haujlwm txiav.

 

Kev ua kom kub yog cov hlau maj mam ua kom sov mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, khaws cia rau lub sijhawm txaus, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm thaj chaw txias ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov hlau. Kev kho cua sov annealing muab faib ua tiav annealing, tsis tiav annealing thiab kev txo kev ntxhov siab annealing. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom annealed tuaj yeem siv tensile xeem rau Kinze, kuj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev xeem hardness. Ntau cov khoom siv hlau tau muab rau hauv qhov rov qab kho cua sov, kev xeem hardness hlau tuaj yeem siv Locke's hardness tester, xeem HRB hardness, rau cov phaj hlau nyias dua, cov hlau strips, thiab cov kav hlau nyias-walled, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw Locke's hardness tester, cov khoom siv hauv tsev HRT hardness.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev quenching thiab annealing: 1 los txhim kho cov khoom kom tshem tawm cov khoom tawv hauv kev casting, forging, dov thiab vuam txheej txheem los ntawm ntau yam kev teeb tsa tsis zoo, nrog rau kev ntxhov siab seem, kom tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, tawg. 2 kom mos cov khoom ua haujlwm kom ua tiav kev txiav. 3 kom txhim kho cov noob, txhim kho kev teeb tsa kom txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm. 4 rau kev kho cua sov kawg (quenching, tempering) kom ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov qauv kev teeb tsa.
Cov txheej txheem annealing feem ntau siv yog:
(1) ua kom tiav annealing. Siv los ua kom cov hlau carbon nruab nrab thiab hauv qab zoo dua los ntawm kev casting, forging thiab welding tom qab cov khoom siv tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg superheated coarse tshwm sim.
(2) spheroidal annealing. Siv los txo qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hlau cuab yeej thiab cov hlau bearing tom qab forging.
(3) isothermal annealing. Siv rau Jiangdu qee yam nickel, chromium cov ntsiab lus lub kaum sab xis hlau alloy structural steel siab hardness.
(4) recrystallization annealing. Siv rau trolley hlau hlau, daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub txias kos duab, txias dov txheej txheem ntawm hardening phenomenon (hardness nce, plasticity txo qis)
(5) graphitization annealing. Siv los ua cov hlau cam khwb cia uas muaj ntau lub cev carburized rau hauv cov hlau cam khwb cia malleable nrog cov yas zoo.
(6) diffusion annealing. Siv los ua kom cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke, txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo.
(7) kev txo kev ntxhov siab annealing. Siv los tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov hlau castings thiab weldments.