Ukucima intsimbi kukufudumeza intsimbi kubushushu obubalulekileyo i-Ac3a (intsimbi engaphantsi kwe-eutectic) okanye i-Ac1 (intsimbi engaphaya kwe-eutectic) ngaphezu kobushushu, ibambe ixesha elithile, ukuze yonke okanye inxalenye ye-austenitization, kwaye emva koko ikhawuleze kunezinga lokupholisa elibalulekileyo lezinga lokupholisa lokupholisa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-Ms engezantsi (okanye i-Ms ekufutshane ne-isothermal) yokuguqula i-martensite ibe yinkqubo yonyango lobushushu (okanye i-bainite). Ngokwesiqhelo ikwasebenzisa i-aluminium alloys, i-copper alloys, i-titanium alloys, iglasi eqinisiweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisa isisombululo esiqinileyo "okanye ngenkqubo yonyango lobushushu olukhawulezayo olubizwa ngokuba yi-quenching".
Injongo yokucima:
(1) Phucula iipropati zoomatshini zesinyithi zibe zizinto okanye iindawo.
(2) ukuphucula iipropati zezinto okanye iipropati zeekhemikhali zentsimbi ethile ekhethekileyo
Iindlela zokucima: ikakhulu ukucima ulwelo olunye, umlilo wolwelo oluphindwe kabini, ukucima okulinganisiweyo, ukucima okuguquguqukayo, ukucima okuqhelekileyo, ukucima okuqhelekileyo njalo njalo.
Ukufudumala sisinyithi esicinyiweyo sibe yinto okanye inxalenye eshushubezwayo ukuya kubushushu obuthile, emva kokubamba ixesha elithile, ipholiswe ngendlela ethile yenkqubo yonyango lobushushu, ukufudumala ngumsebenzi okwenziwa kwangoko emva kokucima, ngokuqhelekileyo sikwayindawo yokusebenza yonyango lobushushu lwenkqubo yokugqibela, kwaye ke ngoko inkqubo edibeneyo yokucima nokufudumala ibizwa ngokuba lunyango lokugqibela.
Indima yokulinganisa izinto kuku:
(1) ukuphucula uzinzo lombutho, ukuze umsebenzi osetyenziswayo kwinkqubo ungaphindi uvele kumbutho wotshintsho, ukuze ijiyometri kunye neepropati zomsebenzi zihlale zizinzile.
(2) Ukususa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwesixhobo somsebenzi kunye nokuzinzisa ijiyometri yesixhobo somsebenzi.
(3) lungisa iipropati zoomatshini zentsimbi ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zokusetyenziswa.
Iimfuno zokulinganisa: ukusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo kwesixhobo somsebenzi kufuneka kulinganiswe kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezisetyenziswayo. (1) izixhobo zokusika, iibheringi, iindawo ezicinyiweyo ze-carburizing, iindawo ezicinyiweyo kumphezulu zihlala zilinganiswe kwi-250 ℃ ngaphantsi kokulinganisa okuphantsi kobushushu, ukulinganisa okuphantsi kobushushu emva kokuba ubunzima bungatshintshi kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyancitshiswa, ukuqina kuphuculwe kancinci. (2) intwasahlobo kwi-350 ~ 500 ℃ phantsi kokulinganisa okuphakathi kobushushu, inokufumana ukuthamba okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okufunekayo. (3) iindawo zentsimbi ezakhiweyo zekhabhoni ephakathi ezenziwe ngokulinganisa okuphezulu kobushushu zihlala kwi-500 ~ 600 ℃, ukuze kufunyanwe amandla afanelekileyo kunye nokuqina komdlalo ofanelekileyo.
Ukulungisa izinto luhlobo lonyango lobushushu ukuphucula ukuqina kwentsimbi, izinto zentsimbi zifudunyezwa kubushushu be-Ac3 obungaphezulu kwama-30 ~ 50 ℃, emva kokubamba ixesha elithile ngaphandle kokupholisa umoya. Uphawu oluphambili kukuba izinga lokupholisa likhawuleza kunokubuya kwaye liphantsi kunokucima, ukulungisa izinto kunokuba kuphole ngokukhawuleza kancinci kwi-crystalline grain refinery yentsimbi, i-single complementary inokufumana amandla aneleyo, kwaye inokuphucula kakhulu i-capriciousness encinci (ixabiso le-AKV), ukunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwecandelo, ipleyiti yentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo ephantsi, i-forgings yentsimbi e-alloy ephantsi kunye ne-castings ngokulungisa izinto, iipropati ezipheleleyo zoomatshini zezinto zinokudlalwa ukuphucula, kodwa nokuphucula ukusebenza kokusika.
I-Annealing yintsimbi efudunyezwa kancinci ukuya kubushushu obuthile, igcinwe ixesha elaneleyo, ize emva koko ibe ngesantya esifanelekileyo sendawo ebandayo yenkqubo yonyango lobushushu besinyithi. Unyango lobushushu lwe-Annealing lwahlulwe lwaba yi-annealing epheleleyo, i-annealing engaphelelanga kunye ne-annealing yokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Iipropati zoomatshini zezinto ezi-annealed zingasetyenziswa uvavanyo lokuxinana ukuya eKinze, zinokufunyanwa ngovavanyo lobunzima. Izinto ezininzi zentsimbi zibonelelwa kwimeko ebuyiselweyo yonyango lobushushu, uvavanyo lobunzima bentsimbi lungasetyenziswa kwi-Locke's hardness tester, uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRB, kwiipleyiti zentsimbi ezincinci, imicu yentsimbi, kunye neetyhubhu zentsimbi ezinodonga oluncinci, ungasebenzisa i-Locke's hardness tester yomphezulu, ubulukhuni be-HRT bezinto zokwakha.
Injongo yokucima nokufaka i-annealing: 1 ukuphucula iimpahla ukuze kususwe i-tigid thou kwinkqubo yokuphosa, ukubumba, ukuqengqeleka kunye nokuwelda okubangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeziphene zombutho, kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, ukuthintela ukuguquka kwe-workpiece, ukuqhekeka. 2 ukuthambisa i-workpiece ukuze kuqhutyekwe nokusika. 3 ukucokisa ingqolowa, ukuphucula i-organization ukuze kuphuculwe iipropati zoomatshini ze-workpiece. 4 yonyango lokugqibela lobushushu (ukucima, ukufudumala) ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo wemigangatho ye-organization.
Iinkqubo zokufunxa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:
(1) ukuqhoboshela ngokupheleleyo. Isetyenziselwa ukucokisa intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nesezantsi ngokuyiphosa, ukuyila kunye nokuyiwelda emva kokuba kuvela iimpawu ezimbi zoomatshini kwizicubu ezirhabaxa ezishushu kakhulu.
(2) i-spheroidal annealing. Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubunzima obukhulu bentsimbi yesixhobo kunye nentsimbi yokuthwala emva kokuyila.
(3) i-isothermal annealing. Isetyenziselwa iJiangdu ethile i-nickel, i-angle ye-chromium content steel alloy structural steel high hardness.
(4) ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-recrystallization annealing. Isetyenziselwa ukuqokelela ucingo lwesinyithi, iphepha elikwidrayivu ebandayo, inkqubo yokuqengqeleka ebandayo yokuqina (ubulukhuni buyanda, ukuncipha kweplastiki)
(5) i-graphitization annealing. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza isinyithi esityhidiweyo esinenani elikhulu lee-carburised body zibe yisinyithi esityhidiweyo esithambileyo esine-plasticity elungileyo.
(6) ukutsalwa kwe-diffusion annealing. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali ze-alloy castings zifane, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo.
(7) ukuncedisa ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo. Isetyenziselwa ukususa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwezinto ezixutyiweyo zentsimbi kunye neentsimbi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-01-2024
