Kashe ƙarfe shine a dumama ƙarfe zuwa zafin jiki mai mahimmanci Ac3a (ƙarfe mai ƙasa) ko Ac1 (ƙarfe mai yawa) sama da zafin jiki, a riƙe na ɗan lokaci, don haka duk ko wani ɓangare na austenitization, sannan kuma da sauri fiye da saurin sanyaya mai mahimmanci na saurin sanyaya mai sauri zuwa Ms a ƙasa (ko Ms kusa da isothermal) don canza tsarin maganin zafi na martensite (ko bainite). Yawanci kuma ana amfani da ƙarfe na aluminum, ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe na titanium, gilashin da aka sanyaya da sauran kayan aiki mai ƙarfi "ko tare da saurin sanyaya tsarin maganin zafi da ake kira quenching".
Manufar kashewa:
(1) Inganta halayen injina na ƙarfe zuwa kayan aiki ko sassa.
(2) inganta halayen kayan aiki ko halayen sinadarai na wasu ƙarfe na musamman
Hanyoyin kashewa: galibi kashewa mai ruwa ɗaya, kashewa mai ruwa biyu, kashewa mai daraja, kashewa mai isothermal, kashewa mai gida da sauransu.
Tempering shine ƙarfen da aka kashe zuwa wani abu ko wani ɓangare da aka dumama zuwa wani zafin jiki, bayan riƙe wani lokaci, aka sanyaya shi ta wata hanya ta hanyar maganin zafi, tempering aiki ne nan da nan bayan quenching, yawanci shine aikin da ake yi don maganin zafi na ƙarshe, don haka ana kiran tsarin quenching da tempering na haɗin gwiwa magani na ƙarshe.
Matsayin tempering shine:
(1) inganta kwanciyar hankalin ƙungiyar, ta yadda aikin da ake amfani da shi wajen amfani da shi ba zai sake faruwa ba a cikin tsarin sauya fasalin, ta yadda yanayin aikin da kaddarorinsa za su kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali.
(2) Kawar da damuwa ta ciki domin inganta aikin kayan aikin da kuma daidaita yanayin kayan aikin.
(3) daidaita halayen injina na ƙarfe don biyan buƙatun amfani.
Bukatun dumamawa: ya kamata a rage yawan amfani da kayan aikin a yanayin zafi daban-daban domin biyan buƙatun da ake buƙata. (1) Kayan aikin yankewa, bearings, carburizing offset stools, suppositioning supposition spot yawanci ana rage zafi a 250 ℃ ƙasa da ƙarancin zafin jiki, rage zafi bayan tauri ba ya canzawa sosai, damuwa ta ciki tana raguwa, ƙarfin yana ɗan inganta. (2) bazara a 350 ~ 500 ℃ a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin zafin jiki, yana iya samun babban sassauci da kuma ƙarfin da ake buƙata. (3) sassan ƙarfe masu matsakaicin carbon da aka yi da babban zafin jiki yawanci a 500 ~ 600 ℃, don samun ƙarfi da tauri da ya dace na daidaito mai kyau.
Daidaita wani nau'in maganin zafi ne don inganta taurin ƙarfe, ana dumama sassan ƙarfe zuwa zafin Ac3 sama da 30 ~ 50 ℃, bayan riƙe wani lokaci daga sanyaya iska. Babban fasalin shine cewa saurin sanyaya yana da sauri fiye da dawowa kuma ƙasa da kashewa, daidaitawa na iya zama ɗan sanyi cikin sauri a cikin gyaran ƙarfe na crystalline, ƙarin single na iya samun ƙarfi mai gamsarwa, kuma yana iya inganta ƙaramin capriciousness (ƙimar AKV), rage yanayin fashewa na ɓangaren, wasu farantin ƙarfe mai zafi mai ƙarfe mai laushi, ƙananan ƙarfe mai ƙarfe da siminti ta hanyar daidaita, cikakkun kaddarorin injiniya na kayan za a iya taka don ingantawa, amma kuma inganta aikin yankewa.
Ana ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfe a hankali zuwa wani zafin jiki, ana kiyaye shi na tsawon lokaci, sannan a daidaita shi a yanayin sanyi mai dacewa na tsarin maganin zafi na ƙarfe. Ana raba maganin zafi zuwa cikakken rage ƙarfin ƙarfe, rashin cika ƙarfin ƙarfe da rage damuwa. Ana iya amfani da kayan aikin injina na kayan annealing don gwajin tensile zuwa Kinze, kuma ana iya gano shi ta hanyar gwajin tauri. Ana samar da kayan ƙarfe da yawa a cikin yanayin da aka dawo da zafi, ana iya amfani da gwajin tauri na ƙarfe. Ana iya amfani da gwajin tauri na Locke, gwada tauri na HRB, don faranti na ƙarfe masu sirara, tsiri na ƙarfe, da bututun ƙarfe masu sirara, zaku iya amfani da na'urar gwajin tauri ta Locke, kayan gini na HRT.
Manufar kashewa da kuma rage zafi: 1 don inganta kayan don kawar da taurin kai a cikin tsarin siminti, ƙirƙira, birgima da walda wanda ke haifar da lahani iri-iri na ƙungiya, da kuma matsalolin da suka rage, don hana lalacewar kayan aikin, fashewa. 2 don laushi kayan aikin don aiwatar da yankewa. 3 don tsaftace hatsi, inganta tsari don inganta halayen injinan kayan aikin. 4 don maganin zafi na ƙarshe (ƙuntawa, dumamawa) don yin kyakkyawan aiki na ƙa'idodin tsari.
Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su wajen rage zafi sune:
(1) cikakken ƙara ƙarfin lantarki. Ana amfani da shi don tsaftace ƙarfen carbon na tsakiya da ƙasa ta hanyar yin siminti, ƙera da walda bayan bayyanar mummunan halayen injiniya na kyallen da ke da zafi sosai.
(2) annealing na spheroidal. Ana amfani da shi don rage taurin ƙarfe da ƙarfen bearing mai ƙarfi bayan an ƙirƙira shi.
(3) annealing na isothermal. Ana amfani da shi don Jiangdu wasu kusurwar nickel, chromium na ƙarfe ƙarfe mai tsari mai ƙarfi.
(4) sake kunna wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da shi don yin waya ta ƙarfe, zanen da aka yi a cikin zanen sanyi, tsarin birgima na sanyi na abin da ke taurarewa (ƙara tauri, raguwar plasticity)
(5) rage girman graphitization. Ana amfani da shi wajen yin ƙarfen da ke ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na jikin da aka yi da carburized zuwa ƙarfe mai laushi mai kyau.
(6) rage yawan sinadarin da ke cikin simintin ƙarfe. Ana amfani da shi don daidaita sinadaran simintin ƙarfe, yana inganta aikinsa.
(7) rage damuwa. Ana amfani da shi don kawar da damuwa ta ciki na simintin ƙarfe da walda.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-01-2024
