Ukucima insimbi kuwukushisa insimbi ekushiseni okubucayi i-Ac3a (insimbi engaphansi kwe-eutectic) noma i-Ac1 (insimbi engaphezu kwe-eutectic) ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa, ibambe isikhathi esithile, ukuze yonke noma ingxenye ye-austenitization, bese ishesha kunezinga lokupholisa elibucayi lezinga lokupholisa lokupholisa okusheshayo ku-Ms ngezansi (noma i-Ms eduze kwe-isothermal) yokuguqulwa kwe-martensite inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa (noma i-bainite). Ngokuvamile futhi ama-aluminium alloys, ama-copper alloys, ama-titanium alloys, ingilazi eqinisiwe nezinye izinto ezisizayo isixazululo esiqinile “noma ngenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa okusheshayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-quenching”.
Inhloso yokucima:
(1) Thuthukisa izakhiwo zensimbi zibe yizinto noma izingxenye.
(2) ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo noma izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zensimbi ethile ekhethekile
Izindlela zokucima: ikakhulukazi ukucima uketshezi olulodwa, umlilo ophindwe kabili, ukucima okulinganisiwe, ukucima oku-isothermal, ukucima kwendawo njalo njalo.
Ukushisa yinsimbi ecishiwe ibe yinto noma ingxenye eshisiwe ezingeni lokushisa elithile, ngemva kokubamba isikhathi esithile, epholisiwe ngendlela ethile yenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, ukushisa kuwumsebenzi ngokushesha ngemva kokushisa, ngokuvamile kuyisici sokusebenza sokwelapha ukushisa kwenqubo yokugcina, ngakho-ke inqubo ehlangene yokushisa nokushisa ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokugcina.
Indima yokulinganisa iwukuba:
(1) ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenhlangano, ukuze umsebenzi wokusetshenziswa kwenqubo ungasabonakali ekuhleleni kokuguqulwa, ukuze i-geometry kanye nezakhiwo zomsebenzi zihlale zizinzile.
(2) Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwento yokusebenza futhi kuzinziswe i-geometry yento yokusebenza.
(3) lungisa izakhiwo zensimbi ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa.
Izidingo zokulinganisela: ukusetshenziswa okuhlukene kwento yokusebenza kufanele kulinganiswe emazingeni okushisa ahlukene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezisetshenziswayo. (1) amathuluzi okusika, amabheringi, izingxenye ezicinyiwe ze-carburizing, izingxenye ezicinyiwe ebusweni ngokuvamile zilinganiswe ku-250 ℃ ngaphansi kokulinganisela okuphansi, ukulinganisela okuphansi ngemva kokuqina kungashintshi kakhulu, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuyancishiswa, ukuqina kuthuthukiswa kancane. (2) entwasahlobo ku-350 ~ 500 ℃ ngaphansi kokulinganisela okuphakathi, kungathola ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okudingekayo. (3) izingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwe ngekhabhoni ephakathi ezenziwe ngokulinganisela okuphakeme okuvame ukuba ku-500 ~ 600 ℃, ukuze kutholakale amandla nokuqina okufanele komdlalo omuhle.
Ukulungisa kabusha uhlobo lokwelashwa kokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwensimbi, izingxenye zensimbi zishiswa zifinyelele ekushiseni kwe-Ac3 ngaphezu kwama-30 ~ 50 ℃, ngemva kokubamba isikhathi esithile ngaphandle kokupholisa emoyeni. Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokupholisa lishesha kunokubuya futhi liphansi kunokucima, ukulungisa kabusha kungaba ukupholisa okusheshayo kancane ekuhlanjululweni kwensimbi okusanhlamvu okukristalu, okukodwa okuhambisanayo kungathola amandla anele, futhi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukungabi namandla okuncane (inani le-AKV), kunciphise ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwengxenye, ipuleti lensimbi eligoqiwe elishisayo elingaphansi kwe-alloy, ukujiya kwensimbi okuphansi kwe-alloy kanye nokuphonswa ngokulungisa kabusha, izakhiwo eziphelele zemishini zezinto zingadlalwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe, kodwa futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokusika.
I-Annealing iwukuba insimbi ishiswa kancane kancane iye ekushiseni okuthile, igcinwe isikhathi esanele, bese kuba ngesilinganiso esifanele sendawo ebandayo yenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-Annealing kuhlukaniswe ngokuthi i-annealing ephelele, i-annealing engaphelele kanye ne-annealing yokukhulula ukucindezeleka. Izakhiwo zemishini zezinto ezi-annealing zingasetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kokuthamba ku-Kinze, futhi zingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kobunzima. Izinto eziningi zensimbi zinikezwa esimweni esibuyiselwe sokwelashwa kokushisa, ukuhlolwa kobunzima bensimbi kungasetshenziswa isihloli sobunzima bukaLocke, isivivinyo sobunzima bukaHRB, amapuleti ensimbi amancane, imichilo yensimbi, namashubhu ensimbi aboshwe ngodonga oluncane, ungasebenzisa isihloli sobunzima bukaLocke, izinto zokwakha ubulukhuni be-HRT.
Inhloso yokucima nokufaka i-annealing: 1 ukuthuthukisa izimpahla ukuze kususwe ukuqina kwenqubo yokubumba, ukuhlanganisa, ukugoqa kanye nokushisela okubangelwa yizinkinga ezahlukahlukene zenhlangano, kanye nokucindezeleka okusele, ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwengxenye yokusebenza, ukuqhekeka. 2 ukuthambisa ingxenye yokusebenza ukuze kuqhutshwe ukusika. 3 ukucwenga okusanhlamvu, ukuthuthukisa inhlangano ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini yengxenye yokusebenza. 4 yokwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa (ukucima, ukufudumala) ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle wezindinganiso zenhlangano.
Izinqubo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokufaka i-annealing yilezi:
(1) ukunamathisela okuphelele. Kusetshenziswa ukucwenga insimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nengaphansi ngokuyiphonsa, ukuyibumba kanye nokuyishisela ngemva kokuvela kwezakhiwo ezimbi zemishini yezicubu ezishisayo kakhulu.
(2) i-spheroidal annealing. Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubulukhuni obukhulu bensimbi yamathuluzi kanye nensimbi ethwalayo ngemva kokubumba.
(3) i-annealing ye-isothermal. Isetshenziselwa i-Jiangdu ethile i-nickel, insimbi ye-chromium content angle alloy steel structural steel high hardness.
(4) ukuphinda kusetshenziswe i-crystallization annealing. Kusetshenziswa ukudonsa ucingo lwensimbi, ishidi ekudwebeni okubandayo, inqubo yokugoqa ebandayo yokuqina (ubulukhuni buyanda, ukuqina kwepulasitiki kuyancipha)
(5) i-graphitization annealing. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi ehlanganisiwe equkethe inani elikhulu lomzimba ohlanganisiwe ibe yinsimbi ehlanganisiwe ethambile ene-plasticity enhle.
(6) ukusakazwa komswakama. Kusetshenziswa ukwenza ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-alloy castings kufane, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwawo.
(7) ukuqeda ukucindezeleka. Kusetshenziswa ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwezinto ezibunjiwe zensimbi kanye nezinsimbi zokushisela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-01-2024
