Zeziphi izinto eziphambili zokugquma ezishushu?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeengubo zokugquma ezishushu kwiipleyiti zentsimbi kunye nemicu. Imithetho yokwahlulahlula kwimigangatho ephambili—kuquka imigangatho yesizwe yaseMelika, yaseJapan, yaseYurophu, kunye neyaseTshayina—iyafana. Siza kuhlalutya sisebenzisa i-EN 10346:2015 njengomzekelo.
Iingubo ezishushu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintandathu eziphambili:
- I-zinc ecocekileyo eshushu (Z)
- I-alloy ye-zinc-iron eshushu (i-ZF)
- I-zinc-aluminium eshushu (ZA)
- I-aluminium-zinc eshushu (AZ)
- I-aluminium-silicon eshushu (AS)
- I-Hot-dip zinc-magnesium (ZM)
Iinkcazo kunye neempawu zeengubo ezahlukeneyo ze-hot-dip
Iintsimbi ezicociweyo kwangaphambili zifakwa kwibhafu enyibilikisiweyo. Iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezinyibilikisiweyo kwibhafu zivelisa iingubo ezahlukeneyo (ngaphandle kweengubo ze-zinc-iron alloy).
Uthelekiso Phakathi kwe-Hot-Dip Galvanizing kunye ne-Electrogalvanizing
1. Isishwankathelo seNkqubo yokuHlaziya iGalvanizing
Ukugaya ngentsimbi kubhekisa kwindlela yokunyanga umphezulu wokufaka i-zinc coating kwiintsimbi, ii-alloys, okanye ezinye izinto ngeenjongo zobuhle kunye nokulwa nokugqwala. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kukugaya ngentsimbi eshushu kunye nokugaya ngentsimbi ebandayo (electrogalvanizing).
2. Inkqubo yokuDipha nge-Hot-Dip
Indlela ephambili yokwenza ii-galvanizing kumphezulu wephepha lentsimbi namhlanje kukwenza ii-galvanizing nge-hot-dip. I-hot-dip galvanizing (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-hot-dip zinc coating okanye i-hot-dip galvanization) yindlela esebenzayo yokukhusela ukubola kwesinyithi, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zesinyithi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ibandakanya ukuntywilisela izinto zentsimbi ezisusiweyo kumhlwa kwi-zinc enyibilikisiweyo malunga nama-500°C, ibeke umaleko we-zinc kumphezulu wentsimbi ukuze kufumaneke ukumelana nokubola. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo yokwenza ii-galvanizing nge-hot-dip: Ukuhlamba nge-asidi yemveliso egqityiweyo → Ukuhlamba ngamanzi → Ukusetyenziswa kwe-flux → Ukomisa → Ukuxhonywa ukuze kugqunywe → Ukupholisa → Unyango lweekhemikhali → Ukucoca → Ukupolisha → Ukugqitywa kwe-hot-dip galvanizing.
3. Inkqubo yokuntywila nge-cold-dip
I-cold galvanizing, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-electrogalvanizing, isebenzisa izixhobo ze-electrolytic. Emva kokususa amafutha kunye nokuhlanjwa nge-asidi, izixhobo zombhobho zifakwa kwisisombululo esineetyuwa ze-zinc kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwisiphelo esingalunganga sesixhobo se-electrolytic. Ipleyiti ye-zinc ibekwe ecaleni kwezixhobo kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwisiphelo esilungileyo. Xa kusetyenziswa umbane, intshukumo eqondisiweyo yombane ukusuka kwi-positive ukuya kwi-negative ibangela ukuba i-zinc ifake kwizixhobo. Izixhobo zombhobho ezine-cold-galvanized ziyacutshungulwa ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe kwi-galvanization.
Imigangatho yobugcisa iyahambelana ne-ASTM B695-2000 (US) kunye nenkcazo yomkhosi i-C-81562 yokufakelwa kwe-galvanization yoomatshini.
Ukuthelekiswa kwe-Hot-Dip Galvanizing kunye ne-Cold-Dip Galvanizing
I-hot-dip galvanizing inika ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu kune-cold-dip galvanizing (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-electrogalvanizing). Ii-coatings ezifakwe kwi-electrogalvanized zihlala ziqala kwi-5 ukuya kwi-15 μm ubukhulu, ngelixa ii-hot-dip galvanized coatings zihlala zidlula i-35 μm kwaye zinokufikelela kwi-200 μm. I-hot-dip galvanizing inika ukugquma okuphezulu nge-dense coatment engenazo izinto eziphilayo. I-Electrogalvanizing isebenzisa ii-zinc-filled coatings ukukhusela iintsimbi ekugqwaleni. Ezi coatings zifakwa kumphezulu okhuselekileyo kusetyenziswa nayiphi na indlela yokugquma, zenze umaleko ogcwele i-zinc emva kokomiswa. I-coat eyomileyo inomxholo ophezulu we-zinc (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-95%). Intsimbi ifakwa kwi-zinc plating kumphezulu wayo phantsi kweemeko ezipholileyo, ngelixa i-hot-dip galvanizing ibandakanya ukugquma imibhobho yentsimbi nge-zinc ngokuntywiliselwa kwi-hot-dip. Le nkqubo inika ukunamathela okunamandla kakhulu, okwenza i-coatment imelane kakhulu nokuxobuka.
Ungayihlula njani i-hot-dip galvanizing kwi-cold galvanizing?
1. Ukuchongwa okubonakalayo
Imiphezulu egqunyiweyo eshushu ibonakala irhabaxa kancinci iyonke, ibonisa amabala amdaka, amaconsi, kunye namaqhuqhuva abangelwa yinkqubo—ingakumbi abonakala kwelinye icala lomsebenzi. Inkangeleko iyonke imhlophe njengesilivere.
Iindawo ezifakwe i-electrogalvanized (ezifakwe i-galvanized ebandayo) zithambile, zinombala omthubi-luhlaza, nangona zinombala okhanyayo, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mhlophe, okanye omhlophe onombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nazo zinokubonakala. Ezi ndawo azibonisi zinc nodules okanye ukuxinana.
2. Ukwahlula ngokweNkqubo
Ukugalela i-hot-dip kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela: ukususa amafutha, ukugalela i-asidi, ukugalela ngamakhemikhali, ukomisa, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukugalela kwi-zinc enyibilikisiweyo ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba isuswe. Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa izinto ezifana nemibhobho ye-hot-dip galvanized.
Nangona kunjalo, i-cold galvanizing ngokuyintloko yi-electrogalvanizing. Isebenzisa izixhobo ze-electrolytic apho i-workpiece idlula ekususeni amafutha kunye nokuhluzwa ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe kwisisombululo setyuwa ye-zinc. Iqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo se-electrolytic, i-workpiece ibeka umaleko we-zinc ngokusebenzisa intshukumo eqondisiweyo yamandla phakathi kwee-electrodes ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-01-2025
