Tlhaloso e nepahetseng ea limaraka tsa tšepe ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa ho lateloa ha thepa le polokeho ea morero moralong oa tšepe oa sebopeho, theko le kaho. Leha litsamaiso tsa tšepe tsa linaha ka bobeli li arolelana likhokahano, li boetse li bonts'a liphapang tse fapaneng. Kutloisiso e phethahetseng ea liphapang tsena ke ea bohlokoa ho litsebi tsa indasteri.
Likhetho tsa tšepe tsa China
Mabitso a tšepe a Sechaena a latela sebopeho sa mantlha sa "tlhaku ea Pinyin + letšoao la elementi ea lik'hemik'hale + nomoro ea Searabia," 'me tlhaku ka 'ngoe e emela thepa e itseng. Ka tlase ke ho aroloa ha mefuta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe:
1. Letšepe la Sebopeho sa Carbon/Low-Alloy High-Strength Structural Steel (E Tloaelehileng Haholo)
Core Format: Q + Yield Point Value + Quality Grade Symbol + Deoxidation Method Symbod
• P: E tsoa tlhakung ea pele ea "chield point" ka pinyin (Qu Fu Dian), e bontšang matla a tlhahiso e le pontšo ea mantlha ea ts'ebetso.
• Boleng ba linomoro: E supa ka kotloloho ntlha ea tlhahiso (yuniti: MPa). Ka mohlala, Q235 e bontša ntlha ea lihlahisoa ≥235 MPa, ha Q345 e bolela ≥345 MPa.
• Letšoao la Kereiti ea Boleng: E arotsoe ka limaraka tse hlano (A, B, C, D, E) tse tsamaellanang le litlhoko tsa boima ba tšusumetso ho tloha tlase ho ea holimo (Mophato oa A ha o hloke tlhahlobo ea phello; Kereiti ea E e hloka -40°C teko ea phello e tlaase ea mocheso). Ka mohlala, Q345D e bolela tšepe e tlaase ea alloy e nang le matla a ho hlahisa 345 MPa le boleng ba Grade D.
• Matšoao a mokhoa oa deoxidation: F (tšepe e sa sebetseng mahala), b (tšepe ea semi-killed), Z (tšepe e bolailoeng), TZ (tšepe e khethehileng e bolailoeng). Killed steel e fana ka boleng bo phahameng ho feta tšepe e sa sebetseng mahala. Mokhoa oa boenjiniere o atisa ho sebelisa Z kapa TZ (e ka 'na ea siuoa). Mohlala, Q235AF e bolela tšepe e sebetsang mahala, ha Q235B e bolela tšepe e bolailoeng ka halofo (kamehla).
2. Sebopeho sa Mohaho oa Carbon oa boleng bo phahameng
Sebopeho sa Core: Nomoro ea linomoro tse peli + (Mn)
• Nomoro ea linomoro tse peli: E emela karolelano ea carbon content (e hlahisitsoeng ka likarolo ho ba likete tse leshome), mohlala, tšepe ea 45 e bonts'a carbon content ≈ 0.45%, 20 tšepe e bontša carbon content ≈ 0.20%.
• Mong: E bontsha dikahare tse ngata tsa manganese (>0.7%). Mohlala, 50Mn e bolela tšepe e phahameng ea manganese e nang le khabone ea 0.50%.
3. Alloy Structural Steel
Sebopeho sa mantlha: Nomoro ea linomoro tse peli + letšoao la motsoako oa motsoako + nomoro + (matšoao a mang a motsoako oa motsoako + linomoro)
• Linomoro tse peli tsa pele: Kakaretso ea khabone (ka likete tse leshome), mohlala, "40" ho 40Cr e emela khabone ≈ 0.40%.
• Matšoao a motsoako oa motsoako: Hangata Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Si (silicon), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), joalo-joalo, e emelang likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa motsoako.
• Digit element e latelang: E bontsha palohare ya dikahare tsa elemente ya motsoako (ka peresente). Likahare <1.5% li siea palo; 1.5% -2.49% e bolela "2", joalo-joalo. Ka mohlala, ho 35CrMo, ha ho nomoro e latelang "Cr" (litaba ≈ 1%), 'me ha ho nomoro e latelang "Mo" (litaba ≈ 0.2%). Sena se bolela tšepe ea sebopeho sa alloy e nang le 0.35% carbon, e nang le chromium le molybdenum.
4. Stainless Steel / Heat-Resistant Steel
Sebopeho sa Core: Nomoro + Letšoao la Alloy Element + Nomoro + (Lintho Tse Ling)
• Nomoro e etellang pele: E emela karolelano ea carbon content (ka likarolo tse sekete), mohlala, "2" ho 2Cr13 e bontša carbon content ≈0.2%, "0" ho 0Cr18Ni9 e bontša carbon content ≤0.08%.
• Letšoao la motsoako oa motsoako + nomoro: Lielemente tse kang Cr (chromium) kapa Ni (nickel) e lateloang ke nomoro e bontšang karolelano ea likarolo tsa element (ka liphesente). Mohlala, 1Cr18Ni9 e bonts'a tšepe e sa jeleng ea austenitic e nang le 0.1% carbon, 18% chromium, le 9% nickel.
5. Sesebelisoa sa Carbon Tool
Sebopeho sa mantlha: T + nomoro
• T: E nkiloe tlhakung ea pele ea "khabone" ka pinyin (Tan), e emelang tšepe ea sesebelisoa sa carbon.
• Nomoro: Karolelano ea khabone (e hlahisoang e le peresente), mohlala, T8 e bolela litaba tsa carbon ≈0.8%, T12 e bolela carbon content ≈1.2%.
Likhetho tsa US Steel: ASTM/SAE System
Mabitso a tšepe a US a latela haholo litekanyetso tsa ASTM (Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Teko le Lisebelisoa) le SAE (Mokhatlo oa Baenjiniere ba Likoloi). Sebopeho sa mantlha se na le "motsoako oa linomoro + suffix ea litlhaku," e totobatsang ho aroloa ha tšepe ea tšepe le boitsebiso ba khabone.
1. Tšepe ea Carbon le Alloy Structural Steel (SAE/ASTM Common)
Sebopeho sa Core: Nomoro ea linomoro tse 'nè + (sehlopha sa litlhaku)
• Linomoro tse peli tsa pele: Hlalosa mofuta oa tšepe le likarolo tsa mantlha tsa motsoako, tse sebetsang e le "khoutu ea lihlopha." Lingollano tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
◦10XX: Tšepe ea carbon (ha ho na likarolo tsa alloying), mohlala, 1008, 1045.
◦15XX: High-manganese carbon steel (manganese content 1.00% -1.65%), mohlala, 1524.
◦41XX: Chromium-molybdenum tšepe (chromium 0.50% -0.90%, molybdenum 0.12% -0.20%), mohlala, 4140.
◦43XX: Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (nickel 1.65% -2.00%, chromium 0.40% -0.60%), mohlala, 4340.
◦30XX: Nickel-Chromium Steel (e nang le 2.00% -2.50% Ni, 0.70% -1.00% Cr), mohlala, 3040.
• Linomoro tse peli tsa ho qetela: Emela karolelano ea carbon content (ka likarolo ho ba likete tse leshome), mohlala, 1045 e bontša litaba tsa carbon ≈ 0.45%, 4140 e bontša litaba tsa carbon ≈ 0.40%.
• Li-suffixes tsa litlhaku: Fana ka thepa ea tlatsetso, hangata e kenyeletsang:
◦ B: Tšepe e nang le boron (e matlafatsa ho thatafala), mohlala, 10B38.
◦ L: tšepe e nang le lead (e thusa ho sebetsa ka thata), mohlala, 12L14.
◦ H: Tšepe e tiisitsoeng ea ho thatafala, mohlala, 4140H.
2. Stainless Steel (Haholo-holo Maemo a ASTM)
Sebopeho sa Core: Nomoro ea linomoro tse tharo (+ tlhaku)
• Nomoro: E emela "nomoro ea tatelano" e lumellanang le sebopeho se tsitsitseng le thepa. Ho tšoara ka hlooho ho lekane; ho bala ha ho hlokahale. Limaraka tse tloaelehileng tsa indasteri li kenyelletsa:
◦304: 18% -20% chromium, 8% -10.5% nickel, austenitic tšepe e sa hloekang (e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa, e thibela ho bola).
◦316: E eketsa 2% -3% molybdenum ho 304, e fana ka ho hanyetsa acid e phahameng / alkali le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mocheso.
◦430: 16% -18% chromium, tšepe e sa hloekang ea ferritic (e se nang nickel, theko e tlaase, e atisa ho ba le mafome).
◦410: 11.5% -13.5% chromium, tšepe e sa hloekang ea martensitic (e thata, e thata e phahameng).
• Li-suffixes tsa litlhaku: Ka mohlala, "L" ho 304L e bolela k'habone e tlaase (khabone ≤0.03%), e fokotsang corrosion ea intergranular nakong ea welding; "H" ka 304H e bontša carbon e phahameng (khabone 0.04% -0.10%), e matlafatsang matla a mocheso o phahameng.
Phapang ea Motheo Pakeng tsa Machaena le Likhetho tsa Kereiti ea Amerika
1. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho reha mabitso
Melao ea China ea ho reha mabitso ka botlalo e nka matla a tlhahiso, litaba tsa khabone, likarolo tsa alloy, joalo-joalo, ho sebelisa motsoako oa litlhaku, linomoro le matšoao a likarolo ho fetisa thepa ea tšepe hantle, ho thusa ho hopola le ho utloisisa. Haholo-holo US e itšetlehile ka tatellano ea lipalo ho bontša limaraka le liqapi tsa tšepe, e leng taba e khuts'oane empa e le phephetso ho feta hore batho bao e seng litsebi ba fetolele.
2. Lintlha ka Alloy Element Representation
China e fana ka boemeli bo qaqileng ba likarolo tsa alloy, e hlalosang mekhoa ea ho ngola e thehiloeng mefuteng e fapaneng ea litaba; Le ha US e boetse e bonts'a litaba tsa alloy, notation ea eona bakeng sa trace elements e fapana le litloaelo tsa China.
3. Phapang ea Khetho ea Kopo
Ka lebaka la maemo a fapaneng a indasteri le mekhoa ea kaho, China le US li bonts'a likhetho tse fapaneng bakeng sa limaraka tse ikhethileng tsa tšepe lits'ebetsong tse itseng. Ka mohlala, kahong ea tšepe ea mohaho, Chaena e atisa ho sebelisa litšepe tse tlaase tsa alloy tse matla tse kang Q345; US e ka khetha litšepe tse tsamaellanang ho latela maemo a ASTM.
Nako ea poso: Oct-27-2025
