Kuzimya icyuma ni ugushyushya icyuma kugeza ku bushyuhe bukabije bwa Ac3a (icyuma cyo munsi ya eutectic) cyangwa Ac1 (icyuma cyo hejuru ya eutectic) kiri hejuru y'ubushyuhe, bigumane igihe runaka, kugira ngo uburyo bwose cyangwa igice cya austenitization, hanyuma byihute kurusha ubushyuhe bukabije bw'igipimo cyo gukonjesha cy'ubukonje bwihuse bwa Ms munsi (cyangwa Ms hafi y'isothermal) kugira ngo martensite ihindurwe inzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe (cyangwa bainite). Ubusanzwe kandi aloyi za aluminiyumu, aloyi z'umuringa, aloyi za titaniyumu, ikirahure gishyushye n'ibindi bikoresho bifasha mu gukemura ikibazo gikomeye "cyangwa hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwihuse bwitwa kuzimya".
Intego yo kuzimya:
(1) Kunoza imiterere y'icyuma mu buryo bw'ibikoresho cyangwa ibice byacyo.
(2) kunoza imiterere y'ibikoresho cyangwa imiterere ya shimi y'icyuma runaka cyihariye
Uburyo bwo kuzimya: ahanini kuzimya hakoreshejwe amazi amwe, kuzimya hakoreshejwe amazi abiri, kuzimya hakoreshejwe urwego, kuzimya hakoreshejwe isothermal, kuzimya hakoreshejwe ahantu runaka n'ibindi.
Gushyushya ni icyuma cyazimye kikavamo ikintu cyangwa igice cyacyo gishyushye kugeza ku bushyuhe runaka, nyuma yo gufata igihe runaka, gikonjeshwa mu buryo runaka bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, gushyushya ni igikorwa gihita nyuma yo kuzimya, akenshi ni nacyo gikorwa cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'igikorwa cya nyuma, bityo inzira yo guhuza kuzimya no gushyushya yitwa uburyo bwa nyuma bwo gutunganya.
Uruhare rwo gukaraba ni uku:
(1) kunoza umutekano w'ikigo, ku buryo igikoresho cyo gukoresha icyo gikorwa kitazongera kubaho mu miterere y'impinduka, kugira ngo imiterere n'imiterere y'ikigo bikomeze guhindagurika.
(2) Kuraho imihangayiko y'imbere mu mubiri kugira ngo kunoze imikorere y'igikoresho no gushimangira imiterere y'icyo gikorwa.
(3) guhindura imiterere y'icyuma kugira ngo gihuze n'ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa ryacyo.
Ibisabwa mu gukonjesha: imikoreshereze itandukanye y'igikoresho igomba gukonjeshwa ku bushyuhe butandukanye kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa. (1) ibikoresho byo gukata, ibyuma bitwara imizigo, ibice byazimye bya kaburizi, ibice byazimye ku buso akenshi bikonjeshwa kuri 250 ℃ munsi y'ubushyuhe bwo hasi, gukonjesha ubushyuhe bwo hasi nyuma y'ubukomere ntibihinduke cyane, imbaraga z'imbere ziragabanuka, ubukomere burarushaho kwiyongera gato. (2) imvura muri 350 ~ 500 ℃ munsi y'ubushyuhe buri hagati, ishobora kubona ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje bukenewe. (3) ibice by'icyuma bikozwe mu bushyuhe buri hagati bikozwe mu bushyuhe buri hejuru akenshi kuri 500 ~ 600 ℃, kugira ngo haboneke imbaraga n'ubukomere bikwiye byo guhuza neza.
Guhindura ubushyuhe ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kugira ngo burusheho gukomera kw'icyuma, ibice by'icyuma bishyushya ubushyuhe bwa Ac3 buri hejuru ya 30 ~ 50 ℃, nyuma yo guhagarika igihe runaka mu gihe gikonjeshejwe n'umwuka. Ikintu nyamukuru ni uko igipimo cyo gukonjesha cyihuta kurusha uko gisubizwa kandi kikaba gito kurusha uko kizimya, guhindura ubushyuhe bishobora gukonjesha vuba mu buryo bwa crystalline grain finery, inyunganiranyo imwe ishobora kubona imbaraga zihagije, kandi ishobora kongera cyane ubushyuhe buke (agaciro ka AKV), kugabanya ubushake bwo gucika kw'igice, icyuma gito gishyushye gikozwe mu buryo bwa alloy, ibyuma bike bikozwe mu buryo bwa alloy hamwe n'ibikoreshwa mu guhindura ubushyuhe binyuze mu guhindura ubushyuhe, imiterere y'ibikoresho byose ishobora gukinishwa kugira ngo inoze, ariko nanone inoze imikorere yo gukata.
Annealing ni uko icyuma gishyuha buhoro buhoro kugeza ku bushyuhe runaka, kikabungabungwa igihe gihagije, hanyuma kikagera ku gipimo gikwiye cy'ahantu hakonje ho gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'icyuma. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa Annealing bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: annealing yuzuye, annealing idahagije n'uburyo bwo kugabanya stress annealing. Imiterere ya mekanike y'ibikoresho bya annealing ishobora gukoreshwa mu igerageza ryo gukurura Kinze, ishobora kandi kugaragara hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'ubukana. Ibikoresho byinshi by'icyuma bitangwa mu gihe cyo gusubiramo ubushyuhe, isuzuma ry'ubukana bw'icyuma rishobora gukoreshwa mu isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa Locke, isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa HRB, ku byuma bito, uduce tw'icyuma, n'imiyoboro y'icyuma ifite inkuta nto, ushobora gukoresha isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa Locke, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya HRT.
Intego yo kuzimya no gukurura: 1 kunoza ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bikureho ibintu bikomeye mu gihe cyo gucukura, gucura, kuzingira no gusudira biterwa n'inenge zitandukanye mu mikorere, ndetse n'imihangayiko isigaye, kugira ngo hirindwe ko igikoresho gihinduka, gusenyuka. 2 koroshya igikoresho kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu gukata. 3 kunoza ingano, kunoza imiterere kugira ngo kunoze imiterere y'igikoresho. 4 kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwa nyuma buvurwe (kuzimya, gushyushya) kugira ngo bukore akazi keza mu mikorere y'ikigo.
Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa bwo gutera insinga ni ubu:
(1) gufunga byuzuye. Bikoreshwa mu gutunganya icyuma cya karuboni cyo hagati n'icyo hasi binyuze mu gucukura, gucura no gusudira nyuma y'uko hagaragaye imiterere mibi ya mekanike y'ibishishwa bikomeye cyane.
(2) gufunga icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa spheroidal. Bikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubukana bwinshi bw'icyuma cy'ibikoresho n'icyuma gifata ibikoresho nyuma yo gucukura.
(3) ikoreshwa rya isothermal annealing. Ikoreshwa muri Jiangdu mu gupima nikeli, icyuma gifite imiterere ya chromium, icyuma gifite imiterere y’icyuma gifite ubukana bwinshi.
(4) gukurura imashini ikoreshwa mu gukurura insinga z'icyuma, gukurura impapuro mu buryo bukonje, gukonjesha no kuziba imashini mu buryo bukonje (ubukomere buriyongera, ubuziranenge buragabanuka)
(5) gukoresha graphitization annealing. Ikoreshwa mu gukora icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kirimo umubare munini w’ibice bya kaburimbo mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gishobora gukoreshwa neza kandi gikozwe mu buryo bwa plasticity.
(6) gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Bikoreshwa mu gutuma imiterere y'ibinyabutabire mu byuma bicukurwamo alloy iba imwe, binoza imikorere yabyo.
(7) ikoreshwa mu gukuraho stress annealing. Ikoreshwa mu gukuraho stress imbere mu byuma bicukurwamo ibyuma n'ibisundirwamo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2024
