Yiziphi izigqoko ze-hot-dip ezijwayelekile?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-hot-dip coatings zamapuleti ensimbi nemicu. Imithetho yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamazinga amakhulu—okuhlanganisa namazinga kazwelonke aseMelika, aseJapane, aseYurophu, nawaseShayina—iyafana. Sizohlaziya sisebenzisa i-EN 10346:2015 ejwayelekile yase-Europe njengesibonelo.
Izingubo zokugqoka ezishisayo ziwela ezigabeni eziyisithupha ezinkulu:
- I-Hot-dip pure zinc (Z)
- Ingxubevange ye-zinc-iron eshisayo (ZF)
- I-zinc-aluminium eshisayo (ZA)
- I-Hot-dip aluminium-zinc (AZ)
- I-Hot-dip aluminium-silicon (AS)
- I-Hot-dip zinc-magnesium (ZM)
Izincazelo nezici zezinhlobonhlobo ze-hot-dip coatings
Imichilo yensimbi ehlanzwe ngaphambilini icwiliswa kubhavu oluncibilikisiwe. Izinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe ezihlukene ekugezeni zikhiqiza izimbotshana ezihlukile (ngaphandle kwe-zinc-iron alloy coatings).
Ukuqhathanisa Phakathi Kwe-Hot-Dip Galvanizing kanye Ne-Electrogalvanizing
1. Uhlolojikelele Lwenqubo Yokugalela
I-galvanizing isho indlela yokwelapha engaphezulu yokusebenzisa i-zinc enamathela ezinsimbi, ama-alloys, noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngezinjongo zobuhle nokunqanda ukugqwala. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-hot-dip galvanizing kanye ne-cold galvanizing (electrogalvanizing).
2. Inqubo Yokucwenga Okushisayo
Indlela eyinhloko yokufaka amashidi ensimbi aphenduphendukayo namuhla iwukwenza uthayela oshisayo. I-hot-dip galvanizing (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hot-dip zinc coating noma i-hot-dip galvanization) iyindlela esebenzayo yokuvikela ukugqwala kwensimbi, esetshenziswa kakhulukazi ezikhungweni zesakhiwo sensimbi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Kubandakanya ukucwiliswa kwezingxenye zensimbi ezikhishwe ukugqwala ku-zinc encibilikisiwe cishe ku-500°C, ukufaka ungqimba lwezinc endaweni yensimbi ukuze kuzuzwe ukumelana nokugqwala. Ukugeleza kwenqubo ye-hot-dip galvanizing: Umkhiqizo oqediwe ukugeza i-asidi → Ukugeza ngamanzi → Ukufakwa kwe-flux → Ukomisa → Ukulenga ukuze kuhlanganiswe → Ukupholisa → Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali → Ukuhlanza → Ukupholisha → Ukucweba okushisayo kuqediwe.
3. Inqubo Yokucwilisa Okubandayo
I-Cold galvanizing, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-electrogalvanizing, isebenzisa imishini ye-electrolytic. Ngemuva kokugeza nokugeza kwe-asidi, ukufakwa kwamapayipi kufakwa kwisisombululo esiqukethe usawoti we-zinc futhi kuxhunywe ku-terminal engalungile yemishini ye-electrolytic. Ipuleti le-zinc libekwe ngokuphambene nezinto ezifakwayo futhi lixhunywe kutheminali ephozithivu. Uma kusetshenziswa amandla, ukunyakaza okuqondisiwe kwamandla amanje ukusuka kokuhle ukuya kokubi kubangela ukuthi i-zinc ifake ezintweni ezifakwayo. Ukufakwa kwamapayipi abandayo kuyacutshungulwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kukathayela.
Amazinga wobuchwepheshe athobela i-ASTM B695-2000 (US) kanye nencazelo yezempi C-81562 yokuqinisa imishini.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Hot-Dip Galvanizing vs. Cold-Dip Galvanizing
I-hot-dip galvanizing inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu kune-cold-dip galvanizing (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-electrogalvanizing). Izembatho ezenziwe ngogesi ngokuvamile zisukela ku-5 kuya ku-15 μm ubukhulu, kuyilapho izimbobo ezishisayo zediphu ngokuvamile zingaphezu kuka-35 μm futhi zingafinyelela ku-200 μm. I-hot-dip galvanizing ihlinzeka ngembobo ephezulu ngokunamathela okuminyene okungafaki izinto eziphilayo. I-Electrogalvanizing isebenzisa izimbotshana ezigcwele zinc ukuvikela izinsimbi ekugqwaleni. Lezi zingubo zisetshenziselwa indawo evikelekile zisebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela yokugqoka, zakha isendlalelo esigcwele i-zinc ngemva kokumisa. Ukugqoka omisiwe kuqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-zinc (kufika ku-95%). Insimbi igqitshwa nge-zinc plating endaweni yayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezipholile, kuyilapho ukucwebezela kwediphu eshisayo kubandakanya ukumboza amapayipi ensimbi nge-zinc ngokucwiliswa kwediphu elishisayo. Le nqubo ikhiqiza ukunamathela okuqinile okuqinile, okwenza ukunamathela kumelane kakhulu nokuxebuka.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-hot-dip galvanizing kusuka ekukhandeni okubandayo?
1. Ukuhlonza Okubonwayo
Izindawo ezifakwe uthayela ze-hot-dip zibonakala zimapeketwane kancane, zikhombisa ama-watermark, amadriphu, namaqhuqhuva—zibonakala ikakhulukazi ekugcineni kwendawo yokusebenza. Ukubukeka okuphelele ku-silvery-white.
Izindawo ezifakwe i-electrogalvanized (cold-galvanized) zibushelelezi, ngokuyinhloko ezinombala ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, nakuba i-maridescent, emhlophe-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma emhlophe enokukhanya okuluhlaza nakho kungase kuvele. Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile azibonisi amaqhuqhuva e-zinc noma ukuhlangana.
2. Ukwehlukanisa Ngenqubo
I-hot-dip galvanizing ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi: ukwehlisa amafutha, ukucotshwa kwe-asidi, ukucwiliswa kwamakhemikhali, ukomisa, futhi ekugcineni ukucwiliswa ku-zinc encibilikisiwe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokususwa. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa izinto ezifana namapayipi afaka ugesi adiphu ashisayo.
Ukuvuthwa okubandayo, nokho, empeleni kuwukwenza i-electrogalvanizing. Isebenzisa okokusebenza kwe-electrolytic lapho ucezu lokusebenzela luncibilika futhi lucoshwe ngaphambi kokucwiliswa kusixazululo sikasawoti we-zinc. Ixhunywe kumshini we-electrolytic, ucezu lokusebenza lufaka ungqimba lwezinc ngokunyakaza okuqondisiwe kwamanje phakathi kwama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-01-2025
