Yiziphi izinto ezivame ukugqokwa nge-hot-dip?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingubo zokumboza ezishisayo zamapuleti ensimbi kanye nemichilo. Imithetho yokuhlela kuzo zonke izindinganiso ezinkulu—kufaka phakathi izindinganiso zezwe zaseMelika, zaseJapan, zaseYurophu, nezaseShayina—iyafana. Sizohlaziya sisebenzisa indinganiso yaseYurophu i-EN 10346:2015 njengesibonelo.
Izembozo ezijwayelekile ze-hot-dip ziwela ezigabeni eziyisithupha ezinkulu:
- I-zinc emsulwa eshisayo (Z)
- I-alloy ye-zinc-iron eshisayo (i-ZF)
- I-zinc-aluminium eshisayo (ZA)
- I-aluminium-zinc eshisayo (AZ)
- I-aluminium-silicon eshisayo (AS)
- I-Hot-dip zinc-magnesium (ZM)
Izincazelo kanye nezici zezingubo ezahlukene zokucwilisa ezishisayo
Imichilo yensimbi elungisiwe kusengaphambili ifakwa ebhavini elincibilikisiwe. Izinsimbi ezahlukene ezincibilikisiwe ebhavini ziveza ukumbozwa okuhlukile (ngaphandle kokumbozwa kwe-zinc-iron alloy).
Ukuqhathanisa Phakathi Kokucwilisa Okushisayo Nokucwilisa Okugesi
1. Ukubuka Konke Kwenqubo Yokubumba I-Galvanizing
Ukugalela nge-galvanizing kubhekisela enkambisweni yokwelapha ubuso ngokusebenzisa i-zinc coating ezinsimbini, kuma-alloy, noma kwezinye izinto ngenhloso yobuhle kanye nokulwa nokugqwala. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukugalela nge-hot-dip kanye nokugalela nge-cold galvanizing (electrogalvanizing).
2. Inqubo Yokucwilisa Ngokushisa
Indlela eyinhloko yokufaka i-galvanizing ebusweni beshidi lensimbi namuhla i-hot-dip galvanizing. I-hot-dip galvanizing (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hot-dip zinc coating noma i-hot-dip galvanization) iyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvikela ukugqwala kwensimbi, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni zensimbi kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene. Kuhilela ukucwilisa izingxenye zensimbi ezisusiwe ukugqwala ku-zinc encibilikisiwe cishe ku-500°C, kufaka ungqimba lwe-zinc ebusweni bensimbi ukuze kufezwe ukumelana nokugqwala. Ukugeleza kwenqubo yokufaka i-hot-dip galvanizing: Ukuhlanza okuqediwe komkhiqizo nge-asidi → Ukuhlanza ngamanzi → Ukusetshenziswa kwe-flux → Ukomisa → Ukulenga ukuze kufakwe i-coating → Ukupholisa → Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali → Ukuhlanza → Ukupholisha → I-hot-dip galvanizing iqediwe.
3. Inqubo Yokucwilisa Ngomoya Obandayo
I-cold galvanizing, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-electrogalvanizing, isebenzisa imishini ye-electrolytic. Ngemva kokususa amafutha nokuwasha nge-asidi, izinto zokufaka amapayipi zifakwa esixazululweni esiqukethe usawoti we-zinc bese zixhunywe esiphelweni esingesihle semishini ye-electrolytic. Ipuleti le-zinc libekwe maqondana nezinto zokufaka futhi lixhunywe esiphelweni esingesihle. Uma kusetshenziswa amandla, ukunyakaza okuqondisiwe kombane kusuka kokungekuhle kuya kokungekuhle kubangela ukuthi i-zinc ifake ezintweni zokufaka. Izinto zokufaka amapayipi ezifakwe esiphelweni esibandayo ziyacutshungulwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-galvanizing.
Izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ziyahambisana ne-ASTM B695-2000 (US) kanye nemininingwane yezempi i-C-81562 yokufakwa kwe-galvanization ngomshini.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Hot-Dip Galvanizing vs. Cold-Dip Galvanizing
I-hot-dip galvanizing inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu kune-cold-dip galvanizing (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-electrogalvanizing). Izembozo ezenziwe nge-electrogalvanized zivame ukuba phakathi kuka-5 kuya ku-15 μm ubukhulu, kuyilapho izembozo ezenziwe nge-hot-dip galvanized ngokuvamile zidlula u-35 μm futhi zingafinyelela ku-200 μm. I-hot-dip galvanizing inikeza isembozo esihle kakhulu ngesembozo esiminyene esingenazo izinto eziphilayo. I-electrogalvanizing isebenzisa izembozo ezigcwele i-zinc ukuvikela izinsimbi ekugqwaleni. Lezi zembozo zifakwa endaweni evikelwe kusetshenziswa noma iyiphi indlela ye-coating, zakha ungqimba olugcwele i-zinc ngemva kokoma. Isembozo esomile siqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-zinc (kufika ku-95%). Insimbi ifakwa i-zinc plating ebusweni bayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezipholile, kanti i-hot-dip galvanizing ihilela ukumboza amapayipi ensimbi nge-zinc ngokucwiliswa kwe-hot-dip. Le nqubo iveza ukunamathela okunamandla kakhulu, okwenza isembozo simelane kakhulu nokuxebuka.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani i-hot-dip galvanizing ne-cold galvanizing?
1. Ukuhlonza Okubonakalayo
Izindawo ezifakwe ngogesi ezishisayo zibonakala ziqinile kancane, zibonisa ama-watermark, amaconsi, kanye namaqhubu abangelwa inqubo—okuphawuleka kakhulu ekugcineni komunye umsebenzi. Ukubukeka kwayo konke kumhlophe njengesiliva.
Izindawo ezifakwe i-electrogalvanized (ezifakwe i-galvanized ebandayo) zibushelelezi, ikakhulukazi zinombala ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, yize zingase zibonakale zicwebezela, zimhlophe-bluish, noma zimhlophe zinombala oluhlaza okotshani. Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile azibonisi amaqhubu noma ukugoqana.
2. Ukuhlukanisa Ngenqubo
Ukufaka i-hot-dip galvanizing kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi: ukususa amafutha, ukucola i-asidi, ukucwilisa ngamakhemikhali, ukomisa, bese ekugcineni ukucwilisa ku-zinc encibilikisiwe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokususwa. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa izinto ezifana namapayipi e-hot-dip galvanizing.
Nokho, i-cold galvanizing empeleni iwukusebenzisa i-electrogalvanizing. Isebenzisa imishini ye-electrolytic lapho i-workpiece idlula khona ekususeni amafutha nasekugayweni ngaphambi kokucwiliswa esixazululweni sikasawoti we-zinc. Uma ixhunywe ku-electrolytic apparatus, i-workpiece ibeka ungqimba lwe-zinc ngokunyakaza okuqondisiwe kombane phakathi kwama-electrode amahle nangalungile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-01-2025
