Nkọwa ziri ezi nke akara akara igwe dị oke mkpa maka ịhụ na nrube isi ihe yana nchekwa ọrụ n'ụdị nhazi, ịzụ ahịa na ihe owuwu. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro nhazi ọkwa nchara nke mba abụọ ahụ na-ekerịta njikọ, ha na-egosipụtakwa ọdịiche dị iche iche. Nghọta nke ọma banyere ọdịiche ndị a dị mkpa maka ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ.
Nhazi ọla ndị China
Nhazi nchara ndị China na-agbaso usoro bụ isi nke “akwụkwọ ozi Pinyin + akara kemịkalụ + ọnụọgụ Arabic,” yana agwa ọ bụla na-anọchi anya ihe akụrụngwa akọwapụtara. N'okpuru bụ ndakpọ n'ụdị igwe nkịtị:
1. Carbon Structural Steel/Obere Alloy High-ike Structural Steel (Kachasị)
Usoro Isi: Q + Uru Ọnụ Mpụta + Ogo Ọkwa akara + Usoro Deoxidation
• Ajụjụ: E nwetara site na mkpụrụedemede mbụ nke "ebe mkpụrụ okwu" na pinyin (Qu Fu Dian), na-egosi ike mkpụrụ dị ka ihe ngosi arụmọrụ bụ isi.
• Ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụgụ: na-egosi kpọmkwem ebe mkpụrụ akwụkwọ (otu: MPa). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Q235 na-egosi ebe mkpụrụ ≥235 MPa, ebe Q345 na-egosi ≥345 MPa.
• Ogo akara akara: Nkewa n'ime akara ule ise (A, B, C, D, E) kwekọrọ na mmetụta siri ike chọrọ site na ala ruo elu (ọkwa A achọghị nnwale mmetụta; Ọkwa E chọrọ -40 Celsius C ule mmetụta dị ala). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Q345D na-egosi ígwè dị ala na-enye ike nke 345 MPa na ogo D.
• Usoro Deoxidation akara: F (nchara na-agba ọsọ n'efu), b (nchara egbu egbu), Z (nchara gburu), TZ (nchara pụrụ iche gburu). Igwe egbu egbu na-enye mma dị elu karịa igwe na-agba ọsọ n'efu. Omume injinia na-ejikarị Z ma ọ bụ TZ (enwere ike ịhapụ ya). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Q235AF na-ezo aka nchara na-agba ọsọ n'efu, ebe Q235B na-egosi nchara ọkara egbu egbu (nke ndabara).
2. Carbon Structural Steel dị elu
Ụdị isi: ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ abụọ + (Mn)
• Ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ abụọ: Na-anọchi anya ọdịnaya carbon nkezi (gopụtara na akụkụ kwa puku iri), dịka ọmụmaatụ, ígwè 45 na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon ≈ 0.45%, ígwè 20 na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon ≈ 0.20%.
• Mn: Na-egosi ọdịnaya manganese dị elu (> 0.7%). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, 50Mn na-egosi ígwè carbon nwere nnukwu manganese nwere 0.50% carbon.
3. Alloy Structural Steel
Ọkpụkpọ isi: ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ abụọ + akara alloy + nọmba + (akara ngosi alloy ndị ọzọ + ọnụọgụ)
• Nkeji abụọ mbụ: Nkezi ọdịnaya carbon (kwa puku iri), ọmụmaatụ, "40" na 40Cr na-anọchite anya ọdịnaya carbon ≈ 0.40%.
• Alloy element icon: Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Si (silicon), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), wdg, na-anọchi anya ihe ndị bụ isi alloying.
• Digit na-eso mmewere: Na-egosi nkezi ọdịnaya nke ihe alloy (na pasent). Ọdịnaya <1.5% na-ahapụ nkeji; 1.5%-2.49% na-egosi "2", na ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 35CrMo, enweghị ọnụọgụ na-esote "Cr" (ọdịnaya ≈ 1%), na enweghị ọnụọgụ na-esote "Mo" (ọdịnaya ≈ 0.2%). Nke a na-egosi nchara nhazi alloy nwere carbon 0.35% nwere chromium na molybdenum.
4. Igwe anaghị agba nchara / Igwe anaghị agba nchara
Usoro isi: Nọmba + Alloy Element Symbol + Number + (Ihe ndị ọzọ)
• Nọmba na-eduga: Na-anọchi anya nkezi ọdịnaya carbon (n'akụkụ otu puku), dịka, "2" na 2Cr13 na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon ≈0.2%, "0" na 0Cr18Ni9 na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon ≤0.08%.
• Alloy element element + number: Ihe ndị dị ka Cr (chromium) ma ọ bụ Ni (nickel) sochiri ọnụọgụgụ na-egosi ọdịnaya mmewere nkezi (na pasent). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, 1Cr18Ni9 na-egosi austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere 0.1% carbon, 18% chromium, na 9% nickel.
5. Ngwá Ọrụ Carbon Steel
Usoro isi: T + nọmba
• T: E sitere na mkpụrụedemede mbụ nke "carbon" na pinyin (Tan), na-anọchite anya ígwè ọrụ carbon.
• Ọnụọgụ: Nkezi ọdịnaya carbon (akọwapụtara dị ka pasentị), ọmụmaatụ, T8 na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon ≈0.8%, T12 na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon ≈1.2%.
Nhazi igwe nke US: ASTM/SAE Sistemu
Aha nchara US na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) na SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). Ọkpụkpọ isi nwere “Nchikota ọnụọgụgụ + mkpụrụ edemede suffix,” na-emesi nhazi ọkwa nchara na njirimara ọdịnaya carbon.
1. Carbon Steel na Alloy Structural Steel (SAE/ASTM Common)
Nhazi isi: ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ anọ + (mgbakwunye mkpụrụedemede)
• Nkeji abụọ mbụ: Tụpụta ụdị nchara na ihe ndị bụ isi alloying, na-eje ozi dị ka “koodu nhazi ọkwa.” Akwụkwọ ozi a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:
◦10XX: Carbon ígwè (enweghị alloy element), eg, 1008, 1045.
◦15XX: Carbon ígwè dị elu manganese (ọdịnaya manganese 1.00% -1.65%), ọmụmaatụ, 1524.
◦41XX: Chromium-molybdenum ígwè (chromium 0.50%-0.90%, molybdenum 0.12%-0.20%), eg, 4140.
◦43XX: Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (nickel 1.65%-2.00%, chromium 0.40%-0.60%), ọmụmaatụ, 4340.
◦30XX: Nickel-Chromium Steel (nwere 2.00% -2.50% Ni, 0.70% -1.00% Cr), ọmụmaatụ, 3040.
• ọnụọgụ abụọ ikpeazụ: Na-anọchi anya nkezi ọdịnaya carbon (n'akụkụ kwa puku iri), ọmụmaatụ, 1045 na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon ≈ 0.45%, 4140 na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon ≈ 0.40%.
• Mgbakwunye mkpụrụedemede: Nye akụrụngwa mgbakwunye, nke gụnyere:
◦ B: ígwè nwere boron (na-eme ka ike sie ike), dịka 10B38.
◦ L: ígwè nwere ndu (na-eme ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ), dịka 12L14.
◦ H: Ngwongwo siri ike na-ekwe nkwa, dịka 4140H.
2. Igwe anaghị agba nchara (nke bụ ụkpụrụ ASTM)
Ụdị isi: nọmba ọnụọgụ atọ (+ mkpụrụedemede)
• Nọmba: Na-anọchi anya "nọmba usoro" dabara na nhazi na akụrụngwa edoziri. Ibu n'isi zuru oke; ngụkọta oge adịghị mkpa. Akara ụlọ ọrụ a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:
◦304: 18% -20% chromium, 8% -10.5% nickel, austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara (kacha nkịtị, corrosion eguzogide).
◦316: Na-agbakwunye 2% -3% molybdenum na 304, na-enye nguzogide acid / alkali dị elu na ịrụ ọrụ okpomọkụ.
◦430: 16% -18% chromium, ferritic igwe anaghị agba nchara (nickel-free, ọnụ ala, na-adịkarị mfe nchara).
◦410: 11.5% -13.5% chromium, martensitic igwe anaghị agba nchara (ike siri ike, elu hardness).
• Mgbakwunye akwụkwọ ozi: Dịka ọmụmaatụ, "L" na 304L na-egosi carbon dị ala (carbon ≤0.03%), na-ebelata corrosion intergranular n'oge ịgbado ọkụ; "H" na 304H na-egosi nnukwu carbon (carbon 0.04% -0.10%), na-eme ka ike dị elu dị elu.
Isi Ọdịiche Dị n'etiti Chinese na American ọkwa ọkwa
1. Esemokwu aha dị iche iche
Iwu nke China na-enye aha na-atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu ike mkpụrụ, ọdịnaya carbon, ihe alloy, wdg, na-eji nchikota mkpụrụedemede, ọnụọgụ na akara mmewere na-ebuga nchara nchara nke ọma, na-enyere aka n'isi na nghọta. US na-adabere na usoro ọnụọgụgụ iji gosi akara nchara na nhazi, nke dị nkenke mana ọ na-esiri ndị na-abụghị ọkachamara ike ịkọwa.
2. Nkọwa na Alloy Element nnọchiteanya
China na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, na-akọwapụta ụzọ ịde aha na-adabere na ọkwa ọdịnaya dị iche iche; Ọ bụ ezie na US na-egosikwa ọdịnaya alloy, nkọwa ya maka ihe nchọta dị iche na omume China.
3. Mmasị ngwa ngwa
N'ihi ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na omume ihe owuwu, China na US na-egosipụta mmasị dị iche iche maka akara nchara kpọmkwem na ngwa ụfọdụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'ihe owuwu ígwè arụ ọrụ, China na-ejikarị ala-alloy elu-ike structural steels dị ka Q345; US nwere ike họrọ nchara kwekọrọ na ụkpụrụ ASTM.
Oge nzipu: Ọkt-27-2025
