Kev txhais lus tseeb ntawm cov qib steel yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov khoom ua raws thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj haujlwm hauv kev tsim steel qauv, kev yuav khoom, thiab kev tsim kho. Thaum cov txheej txheem steel qib ntawm ob lub teb chaws sib koom kev sib txuas, lawv kuj muaj qhov sib txawv. Kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov kev sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam.
Suav Steel Designations
Suav steel designations ua raws cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm "Pinyin tsab ntawv + tshuaj lom neeg lub cim + Arabic tus lej," nrog rau txhua tus cim sawv cev rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Hauv qab no yog ib qho kev sib cais los ntawm cov hom steel:
1. Carbon Structural Steel/Low-Alloy High-Strength Structural Steel (Feem ntau)
Core Hom: Q + Yield Point Tus Nqi + Daim Ntawv Qhia Qib Zoo + Deoxidation Method Symbol
• Q: Muab los ntawm tsab ntawv xub thawj ntawm "yield point" nyob rau hauv pinyin (Qu Fu Dian), qhia tias lub zog tawm los ua qhov taw qhia ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
• Tus nqi naj npawb: ncaj qha qhia qhov taw tes tawm los (unit: MPa). Piv txwv li, Q235 qhia qhov taw tes tawm ≥235 MPa, thaum Q345 qhia txog ≥345 MPa.
• Cov Cim Qib Zoo: Muab faib ua tsib qib (A, B, C, D, E) raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog ntawm qhov qis mus rau siab (Qib A yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam; Qib E yuav tsum tau -40 ° C qis-kub los ntsuas). Piv txwv li, Q345D qhia txog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau nrog lub zog tawm ntawm 345 MPa thiab Qib D zoo.
• Deoxidation method symbols: F (free-running steel), b (semi-tilled steel), Z (tua steel), TZ (tshwj xeeb tua steel). Tua steel muaj superior zoo rau dawb-khiav steel. Kev xyaum engineering feem ntau siv Z lossis TZ (tej zaum yuav raug tshem tawm). Piv txwv li, Q235AF txhais tau hais tias dawb-khiav hlau, thaum Q235B qhia txog ib nrab tua hlau (default).
2. High-Quality Carbon Structural Steel
Core Format: Ob tug lej + (Mn)
• Tus lej thib ob: Sawv cev rau cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide (qhia hauv ntu ntawm ib kaum txhiab), piv txwv li, 45 steel qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon ≈ 0.45%, 20 steel qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon ≈ 0.20%.
• Mn: Qhia txog cov ntsiab lus manganese siab (> 0.7%). Piv txwv li, 50Mn qhia txog high-manganese carbon steel nrog 0.50% carbon.
3. Alloy qauv hlau
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb: Tus lej ob tus lej + cov cim alloy lub cim + tus lej + (lwm cov cim cim cim + lej)
• Thawj ob tus lej: Cov ntsiab lus carbon nruab nrab (ib kaum txhiab), piv txwv li, “40” hauv 40Cr sawv cev rau cov ntsiab lus carbon ≈ 0.40%.
• Cov cim ntawm cov khoom siv alloy: Feem ntau Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Si (silicon), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), thiab lwm yam, sawv cev rau cov ntsiab lus alloying.
• Cov lej hauv qab no: Qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nruab nrab (hauv feem pua). Cov ntsiab lus <1.5% tshem tawm tus lej; 1.5% -2.49% txhais tau tias "2", thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, hauv 35CrMo, tsis muaj tus lej ua raws "Cr" (cov ntsiab lus ≈ 1%), thiab tsis muaj tus lej raws li "Mo" (cov ntsiab lus ≈ 0.2%). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov qauv hlau alloy nrog 0.35% carbon, muaj chromium thiab molybdenum.
4. Stainless Hlau / Kub-Resistant Hlau
Core Format: Number + Alloy Element Symbol + Number + (Lwm yam khoom)
• Tus naj npawb: Sawv cev nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus carbon (hauv ib feem ntawm ib txhiab), xws li "2" hauv 2Cr13 qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon ≈0.2%, "0" hauv 0Cr18Ni9 qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon ≤0.08%.
• Alloy lub cim cim + tus lej: Cov ntsiab lus zoo li Cr (chromium) lossis Ni (nickel) ua raws li tus lej qhia cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab (hauv feem pua). Piv txwv li, 1Cr18Ni9 qhia tias austenitic stainless hlau nrog 0.1% carbon, 18% chromium, thiab 9% npib tsib xee.
5. Carbon Tool Hlau
Core hom: T + tus lej
• T: Tau txais los ntawm thawj tsab ntawv "carbon" hauv pinyin (Tan), sawv cev rau cov cuab yeej carbon steel.
• Tus naj npawb: Cov ntsiab lus carbon nruab nrab (qhia raws li feem pua), piv txwv li, T8 qhia txog cov ntsiab lus carbon ≈0.8%, T12 qhia txog cov ntsiab lus carbon ≈1.2%.
US Steel Qauv: ASTM / SAE System
US steel designations feem ntau ua raws li ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) thiab SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) cov qauv. Cov qauv tseem ceeb muaj xws li "ntaus ua ke + tsab ntawv tom qab," hais txog kev faib qib steel thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus carbon.
1. Carbon Steel thiab Alloy Structural Steel (SAE / ASTM Common)
Core Format: Plaub-tus lej + (tsab ntawv tom qab)
• Thawj ob tus lej: Qhia txog hom hlau thiab cov ntsiab lus alloying thawj, ua raws li "kev faib cov lej." Cov ntawv sib txuas lus muaj xws li:
◦10XX: Carbon steel (tsis muaj alloying ntsiab), xws li, 1008, 1045.
◦15XX: High-manganese carbon steel (manganese cov ntsiab lus 1.00%-1.65%), piv txwv li, 1524.
◦41XX: Chromium-molybdenum steel (chromium 0.50%-0.90%, molybdenum 0.12%-0.20%), piv txwv li, 4140.
◦43XX: Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (nickel 1.65%-2.00%, chromium 0.40%-0.60%), piv txwv li, 4340.
◦30XX: Nickel-Chromium Steel (muaj 2.00%-2.50% Ni, 0.70%-1.00% Cr), piv txwv li, 3040.
• Ob tug lej kawg: Sawv cev nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus carbon (hauv ib feem ntawm kaum txhiab), piv txwv li, 1045 qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon ≈ 0.45%, 4140 qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon ≈ 0.40%.
• Tsab ntawv tom qab: Muab cov khoom siv ntxiv, feem ntau suav nrog:
◦ B: Boron-muaj steel (txhim kho hardenability), piv txwv li, 10B38.
◦ L: Cov hlau lead-muaj cov hlau (fais fab machinability), xws li 12L14.
◦ H: Guaranteed hardenability steel, piv txwv li, 4140H.
2. Stainless hlau (Tsuas yog ASTM Standards)
Core Format: Peb tus lej (+ tsab ntawv)
• Tus naj npawb: Sawv cev rau "tus naj npawb ib ntus" sib txuas rau cov khoom sib txuas ruaj khov thiab cov khoom. Memorization txaus; xam yog tsis tsim nyog. Cov qib kev lag luam uas muaj xws li:
◦304: 18% -20% chromium, 8% -10.5% nickel, austenitic stainless hlau (feem ntau, corrosion resistant).
◦316: Ntxiv 2% -3% molybdenum rau 304, muab cov kua qaub / alkali tsis kam thiab ua haujlwm kub.
◦430: 16% -18% chromium, ferritic stainless hlau (nickel-dawb, tsis muaj nqi, pheej yig).
◦410: 11.5% -13.5% chromium, martensitic stainless hlau (hardenable, siab hardness).
• Cov lus xaus: Piv txwv li, "L" hauv 304L qhia txog cov pa roj carbon tsawg (carbon ≤0.03%), txo cov kev sib txhuam ntawm kev sib tsoo thaum vuam; "H" hauv 304H qhia tias muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau (carbon 0.04%-0.10%), ua kom muaj zog kub.
Qhov Sib txawv ntawm Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Suav thiab Asmeskas Qib Kawm
1. Sib txawv naming logics
Tuam Tshoj txoj cai naming tag nrho xav txog lub zog tawm los, cov ntsiab lus carbon, cov ntsiab lus alloy, thiab lwm yam, siv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, cov lej, thiab cov cim cim kom meej meej qhia cov khoom steel, ua rau kev nco thiab nkag siab. Tebchaws Asmeskas feem ntau tso siab rau cov lej ua ntu zus los qhia cov qib steel thiab cov khoom sib xyaw, uas yog cov ntsiab lus tab sis nyuaj me ntsis rau cov tsis yog kws tshwj xeeb los txhais.
2. Cov ntsiab lus hauv Alloy Element sawv cev
Tuam Tshoj muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws sawv cev ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloy, qhia cov ntawv sau npe raws li cov ntsiab lus sib txawv; Thaum Asmeskas tseem qhia txog cov ntsiab lus alloy, nws cov ntsiab lus rau cov kab ke txawv ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev coj ua.
3. Daim ntawv thov kev nyiam sib txawv
Vim muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho, Tuam Tshoj thiab Asmeskas nthuav tawm cov kev nyiam sib txawv rau cov qib steel tshwj xeeb hauv qee cov ntawv thov. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov qauv steel kev tsim kho, Tuam Tshoj feem ntau siv low-alloy high-strength structural steels zoo li Q345; Tebchaws Asmeskas tuaj yeem xaiv cov hlau sib xws raws li cov qauv ASTM.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-27-2025
