I. Farantin Karfe da Zare
Farantin ƙarfean raba shi zuwa farantin ƙarfe mai kauri, farantin ƙarfe mai siriri da kuma ƙarfe mai lebur, ƙayyadaddun bayanansa tare da alamar "a" da faɗin x kauri x tsawon a cikin millimita. Kamar: faɗin 300x10x3000 wanda faɗin 300mm, kauri 10mm, tsawon farantin ƙarfe 3000mm.
Farantin ƙarfe mai kauri: kauri ya fi 4mm, faɗi 600~3000mm, tsawon 4~12m.
Farantin ƙarfe mai sirara: kauri ƙasa da 4mm, faɗi 500~1500mm, tsawon 0.5~4m.
Bakin karfe mai leburkauri 4~60mm, faɗi 12~200mm, tsawon 3~9m.
An rarraba faranti da tsiri na ƙarfe bisa ga hanyar birgima:faranti masu sanyi da aka birgimakumafaranti masu zafi da aka birgima; gwargwadon kauri: faranti na ƙarfe masu siriri (ƙasa da 4mm), faranti na ƙarfe masu kauri (4-60mm), faranti masu kauri (sama da 60mm)
2. ƙarfe mai zafi
2.1I-beam
Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, ƙarfe mai siffar I-shaped ne, flanges na sama da na ƙasa suna da laushi.
An raba ƙarfen I-beam zuwa faɗin yau da kullun, mai haske da fikafikai iri uku, tare da alamar "aiki" da adadin da aka ce. Wace lamba ce ke wakiltar tsayin sashe na adadin santimita. 20 da 32 sama da katakon I na yau da kullun, lamba ɗaya kuma an raba ta zuwa nau'in a, b da a, b, c, kauri na yanar gizon sa da faɗin flange suna da ƙarami 2mm bi da bi. kamar T36a cewa tsayin sashe na 360 mm, kauri na yanar gizo na aji na katakon I na yau da kullun. Ya kamata katakon I ya yi ƙoƙarin amfani da kauri mafi ƙanƙanta na yanar gizo na nau'in a, wanda ya faru ne saboda nauyinsa mai sauƙi, yayin da lokacin giciye na yanki na inertia yana da girma sosai.
Lokacin inertia da radius na gyration na I-beams a cikin faɗin alkibla sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye da waɗanda ke cikin alkiblar tsayi. Don haka, akwai wasu ƙuntatawa a cikin aikace-aikacen, gabaɗaya sun dace da ɓangarorin lanƙwasa hanya ɗaya.
3.ƙarfe mai tashar
An raba ƙarfen tashar zuwa nau'i biyu na ƙarfen tashar yau da kullun da ƙarfe mai sauƙi. Nau'in ƙarfen tashar tare da alamar "["" da adadin da aka ce. Haka nan tare da katakon I, adadin santimita kuma yana wakiltar tsayin giciyen. Kamar [20 da Q [20 bi da bi, a madadin tsayin sashe na 200mm na ƙarfen tashar yau da kullun da ƙarfen tashar haske. 14 da fiye da ƙarfen tashar yau da kullun 24, adadin sub-a, b da a, b, c iri ɗaya, ma'anar iri ɗaya tare da katakon I.
4. kusurwar ƙarfe
An raba ƙarfe mai kusurwa biyu zuwa nau'ikan ƙarfe mai kusurwa mai daidaito da ƙarfe mai kusurwa mara daidaito.
Kusurwar da ta dace: gaɓoɓinta biyu masu lanƙwasa juna masu tsayi iri ɗaya, samfurinta mai alamar "L" da faɗin gaɓoɓi x kauri a cikin millimita, kamar L100x10 don faɗin gaɓoɓin 100mm, kauri a cikin gaɓoɓin 10mm daidaitacce.
Kusurwoyi marasa daidaito: gaɓoɓinsa biyu masu daidaituwa ba su daidaita ba, samfurin da ke da alamar "" da faɗin gaɓoɓi mai tsawo x faɗin gaɓoɓi mai gajere x kauri a millimita, kamar L100x80x8 don faɗin gaɓoɓi mai tsawo na 100mm, faɗin gaɓoɓi mai gajere na 80mm, kauri a gaɓoɓi mai kusurwa mara daidaito na 8mm.
5. H-beam(an naɗe shi an kuma haɗa shi)
H-beam ya bambanta da I-beam.
(1) faɗin flange, don haka akwai faɗin flange I-beam in ji.
(2) Ba lallai ne saman ciki na flange ya kasance yana da gangara ba, saman sama da na ƙasa suna layi ɗaya.
(3) daga nau'in rarraba kayan, ɓangaren giciye na kayan I-beam galibi yana cikin yanar gizo a kusa, yayin da yake ƙarawa zuwa gefunan faɗaɗawa, ƙarancin ƙarfe, da kuma birgima H-beam, rarraba kayan yana mai da hankali kan gefen ɓangaren.
Saboda haka, halayen giciye-sashe na H-beam a bayyane yake sun fi aiki na gargajiya, tashar, kusurwa da haɗin giciye-sashe, amfani da ingantattun sakamako na tattalin arziki.
Bisa ga ƙa'idar ƙasa ta yanzu "hot rolling H-beam da section T-beam" (GB/T11263-2005), an raba H-beam zuwa rukuni huɗu, waɗanda aka tsara kamar haka: flange mai faɗi H-beam - HW (W don Wide English prefix), ƙayyadaddun bayanai daga 100mmx100mm ~ 400mmx400mm; flange na tsakiya H-beam - HM (M don Middle English prefix), ƙayyadaddun bayanai daga ƙayyadaddun bayanai daga 150mmX100mm~600mmX300mm: Narrow Cui-edge H-beam - HN (N don Narrow English prefix); thin-wall H-beam - HT (T don Thin English prefix). Ana amfani da alamar ƙayyadaddun bayanai H-beam: H da ƙimar tsayin ƙimar h x faɗin ƙimar b x ƙimar kauri na yanar gizo t ƙimar x ƙimar kauri na ƙimar t2 ta ce. Kamar H800x300x14x26, wato, tsawon sashe na 800mm, faɗin flange na 300mm, kauri na yanar gizo na 14mm, kauri na flange na 26mm H-beam. Ko kuma a fara bayyana shi da alamomin HWHM da HN H-beam, sai a biyo baya da "tsawo (mm) x faɗin (mm)", kamar HW300x300, wato, tsayin sashe na 300mm, faɗin flange na 300mm faɗin flange H-beam.
6. Tashar T-beam
An raba T-beam na sashe (Hoto) zuwa rukuni uku, lambar tana kamar haka: ɓangaren flange mai faɗi na T-beam - TW (W don Faɗin kai na Turanci); a cikin ɓangaren flange na T-beam - TM (M don kan Turanci na Tsakiya); kunkuntar ɓangaren flange na T-beam - TN (N don Kan Turanci Mai Nauyi). T-beam na sashe ta hanyar H-beam mai dacewa tare da tsakiyar yanar gizo daidai yake da rabawa. Takamaiman T-beam na sashe waɗanda aka yiwa alama da: T da tsayi h ƙimar x faɗin b ƙimar x kauri yanar gizo t ƙimar x kauri flange ƙimar t. Kamar T248x199x9x14, wato, don tsayin sashe na 248mm, faɗin fikafikan 199mm, kauri na yanar gizo na 9mm, kauri na flange na 14mm T-beam. Ana iya amfani da shi tare da wakilcin H-beam iri ɗaya, kamar TN225x200 wato, tsayin sashe na 225mm, faɗin flange na kunkuntar sashin flange na 200mm T-beam.
7. bututun ƙarfe mai tsari
Bututun ƙarfe a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na kayayyakin ƙarfe da ƙarfe, saboda tsarin masana'anta da kuma siffar bututun da ake amfani da shi a cikin mummunan yanayi daban-daban kuma an raba shi zuwabututun ƙarfe mara sumul(zagaye mara kyau) kumabututun ƙarfe mai walda(faranti, tare da mummunan) nau'i biyu, duba Hoto.
Tsarin ƙarfe wanda aka saba amfani da shi a cikin bututun ƙarfe mai zafi da bututun ƙarfe mai walda, bututun ƙarfe mai walda da aka naɗe da kuma haɗa shi daga tsiri na ƙarfe, gwargwadon girman diamita na bututun, kuma an raba shi zuwa nau'ikan walda madaidaiciya da walda mai karkace.LSAW bututun ƙarfeƙayyadaddun bayanai don diamita na waje na 32 ~ 152mm, kauri na bango na 20 ~ 5.5mm. ƙa'idodin ƙasa don bututun ƙarfe na "LSAW" (GB/T13793-2008). Bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na gini bisa ga ƙa'idar ƙasa ta "bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na gini" (GB/T8162-2008), akwai nau'ikan bututu guda biyu masu birgima mai zafi da sanyi, waɗanda aka ja da sanyi, an iyakance su ga ƙaramin diamita na bututu, bututun ƙarfe mara shinge mai zafi diamita na waje na 32 ~ 630mm, kauri na bango na 25 ~ 75mm.
Bayani dalla-dalla diamita na waje x kauri bango (mm), kamar φ102x5. Ana lanƙwasa bututun ƙarfe da aka haɗa da walda ta hanyar zare na ƙarfe, farashin yana da ƙarancin yawa. Rarraba yankin ido na bututun ƙarfe mai daidaituwa yana da ma'ana, lokacin inertia a kowane bangare da radius na gyration iri ɗaya ne kuma ya fi girma, don haka aikin ƙarfin, musamman lokacin da matsin lamba na axial ya fi kyau, kuma siffar lanƙwasa ta sa ya rage juriya ga iska, raƙuman ruwa, kankara, amma farashin ya fi tsada kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-14-2025
