Yeyiphi imigangatho esetyenziswayo kwimibhobho yentsimbi edlulisa ioyile negesi? Luluphi uhlolo oluye lwenziwe ezi mveliso?

Okwangoku, imigangatho eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi yemibhobho yentsimbi yokudlulisa ioyile negesi ngaphakathi nangaphandle ibandakanya:
(1) I-API SPEC 5L "Iinkcukacha zoMbhobho woMgca" yi-American Petroleum Institute.
(2) Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe i-ISO 3183-1, -2, -3 "Iimveliso zePetroleum kunye neGesi yendalo - Umbhobho weNtsimbi weeMibhobho - Iimeko zoThunyelo loBugcisa".
(3) Kweminye imibhobho ebalulekileyo yomgama omde, iimeko zobugcisa ezongezelelweyo zokuthengwa ziyamiselwa ngokusekelwe kwiindawo ezithile zokusebenza.

 

I. Uhlu kunye nomahluko obalulekileyo kwiipayipi zentsimbi kwimigangatho ye-API yokuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi

I-API 5L ngokubanzi ibhekisa kumgangatho wokusebenza kwemibhobho yepayipi, equka iindidi ezimbini eziphambili: imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi edibeneyo. Kwimibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile, iintlobo zemibhobho edibeneyo esetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imibhobho ye-Spiral Submerged Arc Welded (Imibhobho ye-SSAW), Imibhobho edibeneyo ye-Arc engaphantsi komhlaba eLongitudinal (Imibhobho ye-LSAW), kunye neepayipi eziWelded ezixhathisa umbane (Imibhobho ye-ERW). Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungozihlala zikhethwa xa ububanzi bombhobho bungaphantsi kwe-152 mm.

Umgangatho wesizwe waseTshayina i-GB/T 9711-2011 "Iimveliso zePetroleum and Natural Gas - Ipayipi yeNtsimbi yeeNkqubo zoThutho lweMibhobho" yenziwe ngokusekelwe kwi-API 5L.
I-GB/T 9711-2011 icacisa iimfuno zokuvelisa iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo nezihlanganisiweyo kumanqanaba amabini eenkcukacha zemveliso (i-PSL1 kunye ne-PSL2) ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zothutho lweepayipi zepetroliyam kunye negesi yendalo. Ke ngoko, lo mgangatho usebenza kuphela kwiipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo nezihlanganisiweyo zokuhambisa ipetroliyam kunye negesi yendalo, kungekhona kwiipayipi zesinyithi ezenziwe ngentsimbi.

 

Amanqanaba eNsimbi
Umgangatho we-API 5L ugubungela uluhlu olubanzi lweendidi zentsimbi zezinto ezikrwada, kuquka i-GR.B, i-X42, i-X46, i-X52, i-X56, i-X60, i-X70, i-X80, njl. Iindidi zentsimbi ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezikrwada kunye neenkqubo zemveliso, kodwa ixabiso lekhabhoni elilinganayo phakathi kweendidi ezahlukeneyo lilawulwa ngokungqongqo.

 

Imigangatho yoMgangatho
KwiUmbhobho wentsimbi we-API 5Lumgangatho, iimfuno zomgangatho zahlulwe zibe yiPSL1 kunye nePSL2. I-PSL imele iNqanaba leNkcazelo yeMveliso.
I-PSL1 ibonelela ngeemfuno zomgangatho jikelele kwiipayipi zemibhobho, ngelixa i-PSL2 ifaka iimfuno eziyimfuneko zokwakheka kweekhemikhali, ukuqina kwe-notch, iimpawu zokuqina, kunye novavanyo olungengonakalisiyo (i-NDE).
Kwimibhobho yePSL1, umgangatho wemibhobho uyafana nomgangatho wentsimbi (okanye uphawu, umz., X42, apho u-42 umele amandla amancinci okuvelisa kwi-psi). Umgangatho wenziwe ngoonobumba okanye indibaniselwano yoonobumba namanani achaza inqanaba lamandla ombhobho kwaye anxulumene nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zentsimbi.
Kwimibhobho yePSL2, inqanaba likwaqulunqwe ngoonobumba okanye indibaniselwano yoonobumba namanani achaza inqanaba lamandla ombhobho kwaye linxulumene nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zentsimbi. Ukongeza, ibandakanya isimamva esinonobumba omnye (R, N, Q, okanye M) obonisa imeko yokuhanjiswa. Kwimibhobho yePSL2, emva kwemeko yokuhanjiswa, kunokubakho oonobumba ababonisa imeko yenkonzo: S kwiindawo zenkonzo ezimuncu okanye u-O kwiindawo zenkonzo zaselwandle.

 

Ukuthelekiswa kweMigangatho yoMgangatho

1. I-PSL2 inemigangatho ephezulu kune-PSL1. La manqanaba mabini eenkcukacha ahlukanga nje kuphela kwiimfuno zokuhlolwa kodwa nakwiimfuno zekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Ke ngoko, xa u-odola ngokwe-API 5L, ukongeza ekuchazeni izalathisi eziqhelekileyo ezifana neenkcukacha kunye neeklasi zentsimbi kwisivumelwano, inqanaba leenkcukacha zemveliso (PSL1 okanye i-PSL2) kufuneka liboniswe. I-PSL2 ingqongqo kune-PSL1 ngokweekhemikhali, iipropati zokuxinana, amandla empembelelo, kunye nezalathisi zovavanyo ezingatshabalalisiyo.
2. I-PSL1 ayifuni vavanyo lokusebenza kwempembelelo, ngelixa i-PSL2 ifuna ukuba kuzo zonke iiklasi zentsimbi ngaphandle kwe-X80, amaxabiso aphakathi e-0°C Akv (amandla empembelelo) afanele abe: ubude obude ≥ 41 J kunye nobubanzi obunqamlezileyo ≥ 27 J. Kwinqanaba lentsimbi ye-X80, amaxabiso aphakathi e-0°C Akv afanele abe: ubude obude ≥ 101 J kunye nobubanzi obunqamlezileyo ≥ 68 J.
3. Imibhobho yepayipi kufuneka ivavanywe nge-hydrostatic ngokusekelwe kumbhobho ngombhobho, kwaye umgangatho awuvumeli uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo ukuba luthathe indawo yovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic. Lo ngumahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemigangatho ye-API kunye nemigangatho yaseTshayina. I-PSL1 ayifuni uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo, ngelixa i-PSL2 ifuna uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo ngokusekelwe kumbhobho ngombhobho.

 

II. Uhlulo kunye nomahluko obalulekileyo weeMibhobho zeNsimbi kwiMigangatho ye-ISO yeeMibhobho zeNsimbi ezingenamthungo zoThumelo lweOyile neGesi

Kwimigangatho ye-ISO 3183 yeepayipi zentsimbi ezithutha ioyile negesi, iipayipi zentsimbi zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amathathu (A, B, kunye no-C) ngokusekelwe kumahluko kwiimfuno zomgangatho, okwaziwa ngokuba ziimfuno zeBakala A, iBakala B, kunye neBakala C.
Umahluko ophambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Iimfuneko ezisemgangathweni ze-ISO 3183-1 zeBanga A zimisela iimfuno ezisisiseko zomgangatho ezifana nezo zikwi-API SPEC 5L, eziqheleke ngokubanzi. Iimfuneko ezisemgangathweni zeBanga B ze-ISO 3183-2, ukongeza kwiimfuno ezisisiseko, ziquka iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zokuqina kunye novavanyo olungonakalisiyo. Kwizicelo ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngeendawo ezimuncu, iimeko zaselunxwemeni, kunye neemeko zobushushu obuphantsi, ezibeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu kumgangatho kunye novavanyo lweepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo, ezi zibonakala kakhulu kwiimfuno ezisemgangathweni zeBanga C ze-ISO 3183-3.

 

Besisoloko silandela imigangatho ephezulu kushishino lwemibhobho yentsimbi yokudlulisa ioyile negesi. Iimveliso zethu zinesatifikethi se-API, kwaye zonke iimveliso ziveliswa kwaye zihlolwe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho eqhelekileyo yamazwe ngamazwe neyasekhaya efana ne-API 5L kunye ne-GB/T 9711-2011, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu, ukuthembeka, kunye nokhuseleko. Ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imibhobho ekude, iindawo ezimuncu, kunye neendawo ezikude nolwandle. Khetha imibhobho yethu yentsimbi kwiiprojekthi zakho zemibhobho kwaye ufumane uxolo lwengqondo oluza nokusebenzisa iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo nezisemgangathweni ophezulu.