Yenziwa njani imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo?

1. Intshayelelo yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo

Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo luhlobo lwentsimbi ejikelezayo, enesikwere, exande enecandelo elingenanto kwaye engenamalungu ajikelezileyo. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo wenziwe ngentsimbi engenanto okanye ityhubhu eqinileyo engenanto egqobhoziweyo ibe yityhubhu yoboya, ize yenziwe ngokuqengqeleka okushushu, ukuqengqeleka okubandayo okanye umzobo obandayo. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo unecandelo elingenanto, inani elikhulu elisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umbhobho wolwelo, umbhobho wentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ejikelezayo kunye nezinye intsimbi eqinileyo, ekugobeni nasekujikeni kwamandla ngaxeshanye, ubunzima obulula, luhlobo lwecandelo lesinyithi elinoqoqosho, elisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni kweendawo zesakhiwo kunye neendawo zoomatshini, ezifana nokugrumba ioyile yentsimbi yescaffolding.

2. Imbali yophuhliso lwemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo

Imveliso yemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo inembali ephantse ibe yiminyaka eli-100. Abazalwana baseJamani baseManisman baqala ukuvelisa umatshini wokubhoboza imibhobho emibini ngo-1885, kwaza kwaveliswa umatshini wokubhoboza imibhobho rhoqo ngo-1891. Ngo-1903, iSwiss RCStiefel yasungula umatshini wokubhoboza imibhobho ozenzekelayo (owaziwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokubhoboza imibhobho ophezulu), kwaye kamva kwavela umatshini wokubhoboza imibhobho rhoqo kunye nomatshini wokutyhala imibhobho kunye nezinye iimatshini zokwandisa, zaqala ukwenza ishishini lemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yanamhlanje. Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, umgangatho wohlobo lwemibhobho yentsimbi waphuculwa ngokwamkela umatshini wokubhoboza imibhobho emithathu ephezulu, umatshini wokukhuhla kunye nomatshini wokubhoboza imibhobho ebandayo rhoqo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, ngenxa yokuphuculwa komatshini wokubhoboza imibhobho rhoqo, ukuvela kwe-perforator yemibhobho emithathu, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nempumelelo ye-billet yokuphosa rhoqo, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kuphucula amandla okhuphiswano lombhobho ongenamthungo kunye nemibhobho edibeneyo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, imibhobho engenamthungo kunye nemibhobho edibeneyo zihambelana, imveliso yombhobho wentsimbi yehlabathi ngesantya esingaphezulu kwe-5% ngonyaka. Ukususela ngo-1953, iTshayina ilubeke phambili kakhulu uphuhliso lweshishini leepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo, kwaye ekuqaleni yenze inkqubo yemveliso yokuqengqa iipayipi ezahlukeneyo ezinkulu, eziphakathi nezincinci. Ipayipi yobhedu ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-ingot cross-rolling perforation, i-tube mill rolling, kunye nenkqubo yokuzoba iikhoyili.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuhlelwa kwemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo

Sebenzisa:

Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo luhlobo lwentsimbi yezoqoqosho, inesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lwesizwe, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-petroleum, kushishino lweekhemikhali, kwibhoyila, kwisikhululo samandla, kwiinqanawa, kwimveliso yoomatshini, kwiimoto, kwiinqwelomoya, kwi-aerospace, kumandla, kwi-geology, kulwakhiwo nakwimikhosi kunye nakwamanye amacandelo.

Udidi:

(1) Ngokwemilo yecandelo, yahlulwe yaba yipayipi yecandelo elijikelezayo kunye nepayipi yecandelo elinobume obukhethekileyo

(2) Ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni, umbhobho wentsimbi ye-alloy, umbhobho wentsimbi engatyiwayo, umbhobho odibeneyo

(3) Ngokwendlela yoqhagamshelwano: umbhobho woqhagamshelo onemisonto, umbhobho odibeneyo

(4) Ngokwendlela yokuvelisa: umbhobho wokuqengqeleka oshushu (ukukhupha, umphezulu, ukwandiswa), umbhobho wokuqengqeleka obandayo (umzobo)

(5) ngokusetyenziswa: umbhobho webhoyila, umbhobho wequla leoyile, umbhobho wepayipi, umbhobho wesakhiwo, umbhobho wesichumiso sekhemikhali……

4, inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo

① Inkqubo ephambili yemveliso (inkqubo ephambili yokuhlolwa) yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo oshushu ogoqwe ngobushushu:

Ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa kwetyhubhu engenanto → ukufudumeza ityhubhu engenanto → ukugqobhoza → Ukuqengqeleka kwetyhubhu → ukufudumeza kwakhona ityhubhu kwinkunkuma → ukulungisa (ukunciphisa) ububanzi → unyango lobushushu → ukolula umbhobho ogqityiweyo → ukugqiba → ukuhlolwa (okungonakalisiyo, okwenziweyo kunye nokwekhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwetafile) → ukugcinwa

② Inkqubo ephambili yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi oqengqelekayo obandayo (odwetshiweyo) ongenamthungo

Ukulungiswa okungenanto → ukuthambisa nge-pickling → ukuqengqeleka okubandayo (ukuzoba) → unyango lobushushu → ukulula → ukugqiba → ukuhlolwa.

5. Itshathi yokuhamba kwenkqubo yemveliso yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo oshushu oqengqelekayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: