Noocyada iyo sifooyinka birta

I. Birta saxan iyo faleebo
Saxan bir ahwaxay u qaybsantaa saxan bir qaro weyn, bir dhuuban iyo bir fidsan, tilmaamaheeda oo leh calaamadda “a” iyo ballaca x dhumucda x dhererka millimitir. Sida: 300x10x3000 oo ballaciisu yahay 300mm, dhumucdiisuna tahay 10mm, dhererkeeduna yahay 3000mm saxan bir ah.

saxan bir qaro weyn: dhumucdiisuna waxay ka weyn tahay 4mm, width 600 ~ 3000mm, dhererka 4 ~ 12m.
Saxan bir khafiif ah: dhumucdiisuna waxay ka yar tahay 4mm, ballac 500 ~ 1500mm, dhererka 0.5 ~ 4m.
Bir fidsandhumucda 4 ~ 60mm, ballac 12 ~ 200mm, dhererka 3 ~ 9m.
Taarikada birta ah iyo xariijimaha waxaa loo kala saaray si waafaqsan habka duubista:taarikada duuban qabowiyotaarikada duuban ee kulul; marka loo eego dhumucda: taarikada birta dhuuban (ka hooseeya 4mm), taarikada birta qaro weyn (4-60mm), taarikada qaro weyn (ka sarreeya 60mm)

2. bir kulul oo kulul
2.1I-beam
Birta I-beam sida magaceedu ka muuqata, waa qaab-dhismeedka qaybta iskutallaabta ee qaabka I-qaabeeya, garabyada sare iyo kuwa hooseba waa soo qulqulayaan.
Birta I-beam waxay u qaybsantaa mid caadi ah, iftiin iyo balac saddex nooc ah, oo leh calaamadda "shaqada" iyo tirada la sheegay. Lambarkee ayaa ka dhigan dhererka qaybta tirada sentimitirka. 20 iyo 32 ee ka sarreeya I-beam caadiga ah, tiro isku mid ah oo loo qaybiyay a, b iyo a, b, nooca c, dhumucdeeda webka iyo ballaca flange waxay u kala horreeyaan koror 2mm. sida T36a in height cross-qaybta of 360 mm, dhumucdiisuna waxay web fasalka of I-beam caadiga ah. I-beams waa in ay isku dayaan in ay isticmaalaan dhumucda webka ugu khafiifsan nooca a, taas oo ay sabab u tahay miisaankiisa fudud, halka daqiiqadda iskutallaabta ee inertia ay tahay mid weyn.
Xilliga qallafsanaanta iyo radius of gyration of I-beams ee jihada ballaca ayaa aad uga yar kuwa jihada dhererka. Sidaa darteed, waxaa jira xaddidaadyo arjiga ah, oo guud ahaan ku habboon xubnaha foorarsan hal dhinac.
3.birta kanaalka
Birta kanaalka waxay u qaybsantaa laba nooc oo birta kanaalka caadiga ah iyo birta kanaalka fudud. Nooca birta kanaalka leh calaamadda "[" iyo tirada la sheegay. Isla I-beam, tirada sentimitirku waxay sidoo kale ka dhigan tahay dhererka qaybta iskutallaabta. I-beam

 

4. birta xagasha
Birta xagal waxa loo qaybiyaa laba nooc oo bir xagal siman ah iyo bir xagal aan sinnayn.
Xagasha siman: labadeeda addin oo isku dherer ah oo dhererkoodu le'eg yahay, moodelkeeda calaamadda "L" iyo ballaca addinka x dhumucda dhumucda milimitir, sida L100x10 oo ah ballaca addinka ee 100mm, dhumucdiisuna tahay 10mm xagal siman.
Xaglaha aan sinnayn: labadeeda addin ee is barbar taagan maaha kuwo siman, qaabka calaamadda "" iyo ballaca addinka dheer x ballaca addinka gaaban x dhumucda addinka ee millimitir, sida L100x80x8 ee ballaca addinka dheer ee 100mm, ballaca addimada gaaban 80mm, dhumucda addimada 8mm xagal aan sinnayn.

 
5. H-beam(duuban oo welded)
H-beam wuu ka duwan yahay I-beam.
(1) flange ballaaran, sidaas darteed waxaa jiray flange ballaaran I-beam yiri.
(2) Dusha sare ee flange uma baahna inay lahaato jiirar, dusha sare iyo hoose ayaa isbarbar socda.
(3) laga soo bilaabo qaabka qaybinta walxaha, I-beam cross-section of maaddadu waxay inta badan ku urursan tahay shabakada ku wareegsan, in ka badan dhinacyada fidinta, birta yar, iyo duubka H-beam, qaybinta walxaha waxay diiradda saaraysaa cidhifka qaybta.
Sababtan awgeed, sifooyinka H-beam waxay si cad uga sarreeyaan shaqada dhaqameed, kanaalka, xagasha iyo isku dhafka qaybta isgoysyada, isticmaalka natiijooyin dhaqaale oo wanaagsan.
Marka loo eego heerka qaran ee hadda jira "H-beam kulul iyo qaybta T-beam" (GB/T11263-2005), H-beam wuxuu u qaybsan yahay afar qaybood, kuwaas oo loo qoondeeyey sida soo socota: flange ballaaran H-beam - HW (W for Wide English prefix), qeexid ka 100mmx100mm ~ 400mmx400mm; Flange dhexe H-beam - HM (M ee horgalaha Ingiriisida Dhexe), qeexitaannada ka soo jeeda 150mmX100mm ~ 600mmX300mm: Cidhiidhi Cui-geeska H-beam - HN (N loogu talagalay horgalaha Ingiriisiga Cidhiidhiga ah); H-beam oo dhuuban - HT (T for Thin English horgalaha). Calaamadaynta H-beam ayaa la isticmaalaa: H iyo qiimaha dhererka qiimaha h x ballaca qiimaha b x qiimaha dhumucda webka t qiimaha x qiimaha dhumucda flange qiimaha t2 ayaa sheegay. Sida H800x300x14x26, taas oo ah, ee qaybta dhererka 800mm, flange width of 300mm, dhumucdiisuna web of 14mm, dhumucdiisuna waxay of 26mm H-beam. Ama lagu muujiyey marka hore calaamadaha HWHM iyo HN waxay yiraahdeen qaybta H-beam, oo ay ku xigto "dhererka (mm) x ballac (mm)", sida HW300x300, taas oo ah, dhererka qaybta 300mm, balladhka flange ee 300mm flange ballaaran ee H-beam.
6. T-beam
Qaybta T-beam (Jaantus) waxay u qaybsan tahay saddex qaybood, koodka waa sida soo socota: qaybta flange ballaaran ee T-beam - TW (W for Wide English head); qaybta flange ee T-beam - TM (M ee madaxa Ingiriisiga Dhexe); Qaybta flange cidhiidhi ah ee T-beam - TN (N ee madaxa Ingiriisiga Cidhiidhi ah). Qaybta T-beam ee u dhiganta H-beam ee dhexmara bartanka shabakadda si siman ayaa loo qaybiyaa. Qeexitaannada qaybta T-beam ee lagu calaamadeeyay: T iyo dhererka h qiimaha x ballaca b qiimaha x dhumucda webka t qiimaha x dhumucda flange t qiimaha. Sida T248x199x9x14, taas oo ah, ee qaybta dhererka 248mm, width baalka of 199mm, dhumucdiisuna web of 9mm, flange dhumucdiisuna waa 14mm T-beam. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa H-beam matalaad la mid ah, sida TN225x200 taas oo ah, dhererka qaybta ee 225mm, balladhka flange ee 200mm qaybta flange cidhiidhi ah T-beam.

7.tubo bir dhismeed
Dhuumaha birta sida qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah birta iyo alaabta birta, sababtoo ah habka wax soo saarka iyo qaabka tuubada loo isticmaalo noocyo kala duwan oo xun waxayna u qaybsantaatuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn(wareeg xun) iyoDhuumaha birta welded(saxan, oo xun) laba qaybood, eeg sawirka.
Qaab dhismeedka birta sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo tuubada birta ee kulul ee duuban iyo tuubada birta alxanka leh, tuubada birta alxanka ah ee la soo giringiriyey lagana alxanayo xariijimaha birta, iyadoo loo eegayo cabbirka dhexroorka tuubada, waxaana loo qaybiyaa laba nooc oo alxanka tolida toosan iyo alxanka wareega.Dhuumaha birta LSAWTilmaamaha loogu talagalay dhexroorka dibadda ee 32 ~ 152mm, dhumucdiisuna waxay tahay 20 ~ 5.5mm. Heerarka qaranka ee "tuubo birta LSAW" (GB/T13793-2008). Dhuumaha birta qaab dhismeedka sida waafaqsan heerka qaranka "tubo bir qaabdhismeed aan tol lahayn" (GB/T8162-2008), waxaa jira laba nooc oo kulul-rogid iyo qabow-sawir, tuubooyinka qabow-sawir ku xaddidan yahay dhexroor tube yar, kulul-rogid dhexroor bir ah oo aan tol lahayn 32 ~ 630mm, dhumucdiisuna waxay tahay 25 ~ 7.
Tilmaamaha ka baxsan dhexroorka x dhumucda gidaarka (mm), sida φ102x5. Dhuumaha birta alxanka leh waa la xoojiyey oo lagu alxanayaa xariiqda birta, qiimuhu waa yar yahay. Birta birta cross-section symmetry isha qaybinta waa macquul, daqiiqad of inertia ee jihooyinka oo dhan iyo radius of gyration waa isku mid ah oo ka weyn, sidaa darteed waxqabadka xoogga, gaar ahaan marka cadaadiska axial waa ka wanaagsan yahay, iyo qaabkeeda qalooca ka dhigaysa in ka yar iska caabin ah dabaysha, hirarka, barafka, laakiin qiimaha waa ka sii qaali ah iyo qaab-dhismeedka isku xidhka inta badan waa ka sii adag.