Madaidaicin fassarar makin ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da yarda da kayan aiki da amincin aiki a ƙirar ƙarfe na tsari, sayayya, da gini. Yayin da tsarin ƙimar ƙarfe na ƙasashen biyu ke raba haɗin gwiwa, suna kuma nuna bambance-bambance. Cikakken fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambance yana da mahimmanci ga ƙwararrun masana'antu.
Ƙarfe na Sinanci
Naɗi na ƙarfe na Sinanci suna bin ainihin tsarin “harafin Pinyin + alamar sinadarai + lamba na Larabci,” tare da kowane hali yana wakiltar takamaiman kayan abu. A ƙasa akwai raguwa ta nau'ikan ƙarfe na gama gari:
1. Karfe Tsarin Carbon/Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (Mafi Kowa)
Tsarin Mahimmanci: Q + Ƙimar Ma'anar Haɓaka Haɓaka + Alamar Matsayi Mai Kyau + Alamar Deoxidation
Tambaya: An samo shi daga harafin farko na "ma'anar yawan amfanin ƙasa" a cikin pinyin (Qu Fu Dian), yana nuna ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa azaman alamar aikin farko.
Ƙimar lambobi: Kai tsaye tana nuna ma'aunin yawan amfanin ƙasa (raka'a: MPa). Misali, Q235 yana nuna alamar yawan amfanin ƙasa ≥235 MPa, yayin da Q345 ke nuna ≥345 MPa.
• Alamar Daraja mai inganci: Rarraba cikin maki biyar (A, B, C, D, E) daidai da buƙatun ƙarfin ƙarfi daga ƙasa zuwa babba (Grade A ba buƙatar gwajin tasiri ba; Grade E yana buƙatar -40°C gwajin tasirin ƙarancin zafin jiki). Misali, Q345D yana nuna ƙananan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin samar da 345 MPa da ingancin Grade D.
• Alamar Deoxidation: F (karfe mai gudana kyauta), b (karfe da aka kashe rabin-kashe), Z (karfe da aka kashe), TZ (karfe na musamman da aka kashe). Karfe da aka kashe yana ba da inganci mafi inganci ga ƙarfe mai gudana kyauta. Ayyukan injiniya yawanci suna amfani da Z ko TZ (ana iya tsallake su). Misali, Q235AF yana nuna karfen da ke gudana kyauta, yayin da Q235B ke nuna karfen da aka kashe rabin-kashe (tsoho).
2. Karfe Tsarin Tsarin Carbon Ingani
Tsarin Core: lamba biyu + (Mn)
Lamba mai lamba biyu: Yana wakiltar matsakaicin abun ciki na carbon (wanda aka bayyana a cikin sassa na dubu goma), misali, karfe 45 yana nuna abun cikin carbon ≈ 0.45%, karfe 20 yana nuna abun cikin carbon ≈ 0.20%.
• Mn: Yana nuna babban abun ciki na manganese (> 0.7%). Misali, 50Mn yana nuna babban karfen carbon manganese tare da 0.50% carbon.
3. Alloy Structural Karfe
Tsarin mahimmanci: Lamba mai lamba biyu + alamar alloy + lamba + (sauran alamun alloy + lambobi)
Lambobi biyu na farko: Matsakaicin abun ciki na carbon (a cikin dubu goma), misali, "40" a cikin 40Cr yana wakiltar abun cikin carbon ≈ 0.40%.
Alamomin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa: Yawanci Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Si (silicon), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), da sauransu, suna wakiltar abubuwan haɗakarwa na farko.
Lambobi masu biyowa: Yana nuna matsakaicin abun ciki na gami (a cikin kashi). Abun ciki <1.5% yana barin lambobi; 1.5% -2.49% yana nuna "2", da sauransu. Misali, a cikin 35CrMo, babu lamba da ke bin “Cr” (abun ciki ≈ 1%), kuma babu lamba da ke bin “Mo” (abun ciki ≈ 0.2%). Wannan yana nuna ƙarfe tsarin gami da 0.35% carbon, mai ɗauke da chromium da molybdenum.
4. Karfe Bakin Karfe/Karfe Mai Juriya
Tsarin Mahimmanci: Lamba + Alamar Maɓalli + Lamba + (Sauran Abubuwa)
• Lambar jagora: Yana wakiltar matsakaicin abun ciki na carbon (a cikin sassa na dubu ɗaya), misali, "2" a cikin 2Cr13 yana nuna abun cikin carbon ≈0.2%, "0" a cikin 0Cr18Ni9 yana nuna abun cikin carbon ≤0.08%.
Alamar abubuwan haɗin gwal + lamba: Abubuwa kamar Cr (chromium) ko Ni (nickel) wanda lamba ke biye da matsakaicin abun ciki (a cikin kashi). Misali, 1Cr18Ni9 yana nuna bakin karfe austenitic tare da 0.1% carbon, 18% chromium, da 9% nickel.
5. Karfe Karfe
Tsarin mahimmanci: lambar T +
• T: An samo shi daga harafin farko na "carbon" a cikin pinyin (Tan), wakiltar karfen kayan aiki na carbon.
• Lamba: Matsakaicin abun ciki na carbon (an bayyana a matsayin kashi), misali, T8 yana nuna abun cikin carbon ≈0.8%, T12 yana nuna abun cikin carbon ≈1.2%.
Tsarin Karfe na Amurka: Tsarin ASTM/SAE
Naɗin ƙarfe na Amurka da farko yana bin ka'idodin ASTM (Ƙungiyar Gwaji da Kayayyakin Amurka) da SAE (Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi na Motoci). Tsarin ainihin ya ƙunshi “haɗin lamba + ƙaramar harafi,” yana mai da hankali kan rarrabuwar ƙarfe da gano abun cikin carbon.
1. Karfe Karfe da Alloy Structural Karfe (SAE/ASTM Common)
Tsarin Mahimmanci: lamba huɗu + (ƙarashin haruffa)
Lambobi biyu na farko: Nuna nau'in ƙarfe da abubuwan haɗin gwal na farko, suna aiki azaman "lambar rarrabawa." Wasiku na gama gari sun haɗa da:
◦10XX: Carbon karfe (babu alloying abubuwa), misali, 1008, 1045.
◦15XX: Babban-manganese carbon karfe (abin ciki na manganese 1.00% -1.65%), misali, 1524.
◦41XX: Chromium-molybdenum karfe (chromium 0.50% -0.90%, molybdenum 0.12% -0.20%), misali, 4140.
◦43XX: Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Karfe (nickel 1.65% -2.00%, chromium 0.40%-0.60%), misali, 4340.
◦30XX: Nickel-Chromium Karfe (dauke da 2.00% -2.50% Ni, 0.70% -1.00% Cr), misali, 3040.
Lambobi biyu na ƙarshe: Yana wakiltar matsakaicin abun ciki na carbon (a cikin sassa na dubu goma), misali, 1045 yana nuna abun cikin carbon ≈ 0.45%, 4140 yana nuna abun cikin carbon ≈ 0.40%.
• Ƙirar wasiƙa: Samar da ƙarin kaddarorin kayan aiki, yawanci gami da:
◦ B: Karfe mai ɗauke da Boron (yana haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfi), misali, 10B38.
◦ L: Ƙarfe mai ɗauke da gubar (yana sauƙaƙe injin aiki), misali, 12L14.
◦ H: Garanti mai taurin karfe, misali, 4140H.
2. Bakin Karfe (Matsalolin ASTM Na Musamman)
Tsarin Mahimmanci: lamba uku (+ harafi)
Lamba: Yana wakiltar "lambar jeri" daidai da ƙayyadadden abun da ke ciki da kaddarorin. haddar ya isa; lissafi ba dole ba ne. Makin masana'antu gama gari sun haɗa da:
◦304: 18% -20% chromium, 8% -10.5% nickel, austenitic bakin karfe (mafi na kowa, lalata resistant).
◦316: Yana ƙara 2% -3% molybdenum zuwa 304, yana ba da juriya na acid / alkali mafi girma da kuma yawan zafin jiki.
◦430: 16% -18% chromium, ferritic bakin karfe (nickel-free, low cost, yiwuwa ga tsatsa).
◦410: 11.5% -13.5% chromium, martensitic bakin karfe (hardenable, high taurin).
• Ƙimar haruffa: Misali, "L" a cikin 304L yana nuna ƙarancin carbon (carbon ≤0.03%), yana rage lalata intergranular yayin walda; "H" a cikin 304H yana nuna babban carbon (carbon 0.04% -0.10%), yana haɓaka ƙarfin zafin jiki.
Babban Bambance-Bambance Tsakanin Zayyana Makarantun Sinanci da Amurka
1. Daban Daban Dabarun Dabarun Suna
Ka'idojin suna na kasar Sin gaba daya suna la'akari da karfin amfanin gona, abun ciki na carbon, abubuwan gami, da dai sauransu, ta yin amfani da hadewar haruffa, lambobi, da alamomin abubuwa don isar da daidaitattun kaddarorin karfe, sauƙaƙe hadda da fahimta. {Asar Amirka ta dogara ne da jeri na lambobi don nuna makin karfe da abubuwan da aka tsara, wanda ke da takaitacce amma dan kadan ya fi kalubalanci ga wadanda ba kwararru ba.
2. Cikakkun bayanai a cikin Wakilin Element na Alloy
Kasar Sin tana ba da cikakken wakilci na abubuwan gami, da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin yin lakabi bisa nau'ikan abun ciki daban-daban; Yayin da Amurka kuma ke nuna abun ciki na gami, bayaninta game da abubuwan ganowa ya bambanta da ayyukan Sin.
3. Bambance-bambancen Zaɓin Aikace-aikacen
Saboda bambancin ka'idojin masana'antu da ayyukan gine-gine, Sin da Amurka suna baje kolin fifiko na musamman na makin karfe a wasu aikace-aikace. Misali, a cikin ginin karfen gini, kasar Sin ta kan yi amfani da karafa masu karamin karfi mai karfi kamar Q345; Amurka na iya zaɓar ƙarfe masu dacewa bisa ma'aunin ASTM.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-27-2025
