Yiziphi izindinganiso ezisetshenziswa kumapayipi ensimbi adlulisa uwoyela negesi? Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okwenziwa yimikhiqizo?

Njengamanje, izindinganiso ezamukelwe kabanzi zamapayipi ensimbi okudlulisa uwoyela negesi ngaphakathi nangaphandle zihlanganisa:
(1) I-API SPEC 5L "Imininingwane yepayipi lomugqa" yi-American Petroleum Institute.
(2) Izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke i-ISO 3183-1, -2, -3 "Izimboni Zikaphethiloli Negesi Yemvelo - Ipayipi Lensimbi Lamapayipi - Izimo Zokulethwa Kobuchwepheshe".
(3) Kwamanye amapayipi abalulekile amabanga amade, izimo zobuchwepheshe ezengeziwe zokuthengwa ziyasungulwa ngokusekelwe ezindaweni ezithile zokusebenza.

 

I. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomehluko Obalulekile Wezipayipi Zensimbi Ezindinganisweni ze-API Zokudluliswa Kwamafutha Negesi

I-API 5L ngokuvamile ibhekisela endinganisweni yokusebenza kwamapayipi epayipi, ehlanganisa izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo namapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe. Kumapayipi okudlulisa uwoyela, izinhlobo zamapayipi ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka phakathi amapayipi e-Spiral Submerged Arc Welded (Amapayipi e-SSAW), Amapayipi e-Longitudinal Acmerged Arc Welded (Amapayipi e-LSAW), kanye namapayipi ahlanganisiwe amelana nogesi (Amapayipi e-ERW). Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungongokuvamile zikhethwa lapho ububanzi bombhobho bungaphansi kuka-152 mm.

Izinga likazwelonke laseShayina i-GB/T 9711-2011 elithi "Izimboni Zikaphethiloli Negesi Yemvelo - Ipayipi Lensimbi Lezinhlelo Zokuthutha Amapayipi" lakhiwe ngokusekelwe ku-API 5L.
I-GB/T 9711-2011 icacisa izidingo zokukhiqiza zamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo nashibilikisiwe emazingeni amabili okucaciswa komkhiqizo (i-PSL1 ne-PSL2) asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuthutha zamapayipi kaphethiloli negesi yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, leli zinga lisebenza kuphela kumapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo nashibilikisiwe okudlulisela uphethiloli negesi yemvelo, hhayi kumapayipi ensimbi afakwayo.

 

Amabanga Ensimbi
Izinga le-API 5L lihlanganisa ububanzi bamamaki ensimbi ezinto zokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa i-GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X70, X80, njll. Amamaki ensimbi ahlukene anezidingo ezahlukene zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, kodwa okulingana nekhabhoni phakathi kwamamaki ahlukene kulawulwa ngokuqinile.

 

Izindinganiso Zekhwalithi
Ku-Ipayipi lensimbi le-API 5LIzimfuneko zekhwalithi ezijwayelekile zihlukaniswe phakathi kwe-PSL1 kanye ne-PSL2. I-PSL imele Izinga Lokucaciswa Komkhiqizo.
I-PSL1 inikeza izidingo zezinga lekhwalithi ejwayelekile yamapayipi epayipi, kuyilapho i-PSL2 yethula izidingo eziphoqelekile zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukuqina kwe-notch, izakhiwo zamandla, kanye nokuhlolwa okungeziwe okungabhubhisi (i-NDE).
Kumapayipi e-PSL1, izinga lepayipi lifana nezinga lensimbi (noma ukubizwa, isib. X42, lapho u-42 emele amandla amancane okukhiqiza ku-psi). Ibanga lakhiwe ngezinhlamvu noma inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu nezinombolo ezikhomba izinga lamandla epayipi futhi zihlobene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi.
Kumapayipi e-PSL2, ibanga liphinde lakhiwe ngezinhlamvu noma inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu nezinombolo ezikhomba izinga lamandla epayipi futhi lihlobene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lifaka isijobelelo esiqukethe uhlamvu olulodwa (R, N, Q, noma M) olubonisa isimo sokulethwa. Kumapayipi e-PSL2, ngemva kwesimo sokulethwa, kungase kube nezinhlamvu ezibonisa isimo sesevisi: S sezindawo zesevisi ezimuncu noma u-O sezindawo zesevisi zasogwini.

 

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindinganiso Zekhwalithi

1. I-PSL2 inezindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu kune-PSL1. Lawa mazinga amabili okucaciswa ahlukile hhayi nje kuphela ezidingweni zokuhlola kodwa futhi nasezidingweni zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Ngakho-ke, lapho u-oda ngokwe-API 5L, ngaphezu kokucacisa izinkomba ezivamile njengezincazelo kanye namazinga ensimbi enkontilekeni, izinga lokucaciswa komkhiqizo (i-PSL1 noma i-PSL2) kumele liboniswe. I-PSL2 iqinile kune-PSL1 ngokwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zokudonsa, amandla omthelela, kanye nezinkomba zokuhlola ezingabhubhisi.
2. I-PSL1 ayidingi ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komthelela, kuyilapho i-PSL2 idinga ukuthi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zensimbi ngaphandle kwe-X80, isilinganiso samanani agcwele angu-0°C Akv (amandla omthelela) kufanele sibe: ubude obude ≥ 41 J kanye nobubanzi obuphambene ≥ 27 J. Ebangeni lensimbi le-X80, isilinganiso samanani agcwele angu-0°C Akv kufanele sibe: ubude obude ≥ 101 J kanye nobubanzi obuphambene ≥ 68 J.
3. Amapayipi epayipi kufanele ahlolwe nge-hydrostatic ngesisekelo sepayipi ngalinye, futhi indinganiso ayivumeli ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi ukuthi kuthathe indawo yokuhlolwa nge-hydrostatic. Lona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindinganiso ze-API nezindinganiso zaseShayina. I-PSL1 ayidingi ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi, kuyilapho i-PSL2 idinga ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi ngesisekelo sepayipi ngalinye.

 

II. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nomehluko obalulekile wamapayipi ensimbi kumazinga e-ISO wamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo okudlulisa uwoyela negesi

Ezingeni le-ISO 3183 lamapayipi ensimbi okudlulisa uwoyela negesi, amapayipi ensimbi ahlukaniswa ngezingxenye ezintathu (A, B, kanye no-C) ngokusekelwe ekuhlukeni kwezidingo zekhwalithi, okwaziwa nangokuthi izidingo zeBanga A, iBanga B, kanye neBanga C.
Umehluko omkhulu umi kanje: Izidingo ezijwayelekile ze-ISO 3183-1 Grade A zisungula izidingo eziyisisekelo zekhwalithi ezifana nalezo eziku-API SPEC 5L, ezivamile ngokwemvelo. Izidingo ezijwayelekile ze-ISO 3183-2 Grade B, ngaphezu kwezidingo eziyisisekelo, zifaka izidingo ezengeziwe zokuqina nokuhlolwa okungonakalisi. Kwezicelo ezithile ezikhethekile, njengezindawo ezimuncu, izimo zasogwini lolwandle, kanye nezimo zokushisa okuphansi, ezibeka izidingo eziqinile kakhulu kwikhwalithi nokuhlolwa kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ezidingweni ezijwayelekile ze-ISO 3183-3 Grade C.

 

Besilokhu sinamathela ezindinganisweni eziphakeme embonini yamapayipi ensimbi okudlulisa uwoyela negesi. Imikhiqizo yethu inesitifiketi se-API, futhi yonke imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa futhi ihlolwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke nezasekhaya ezifana ne-API 5L kanye ne-GB/T 9711-2011, okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu, ukuthembeka, kanye nokuphepha. Ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwezimo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amapayipi akude, izindawo ezimuncu, kanye nezindawo zasogwini. Khetha amapayipi ethu ensimbi amaphrojekthi akho amapayipi futhi uzizwe ukuthula kwengqondo okuhambisana nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe nekhwalithi ephezulu.