Kududzirwa kwakaringana kwemagiredhi esimbi kwakakosha pakuita kuti zvinhu zvitevedzwe uye kuchengetedzwa kweprojekiti mukugadzirwa kwesimbi, kutenga, uye kuvaka. Nepo masisitimu ekugadzika simbi enyika mbiri idzi achigovana hukama, anoratidzawo mutsauko wakasiyana. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemisiyano iyi kwakakosha kune vashandi veindasitiri.
Chinese Steel Designations
Mazita esimbi eChinese anotevera chimiro chepakati che "Pinyin letter + chemical element symbol + Arabic numeral," ine mavara ega ega anomiririra chaiwo zvinhu. Pazasi pane kuputswa nemhando dzesimbi dzakajairwa:
1. Carbon Structural Steel/Low-Alloy High-Strength Structural Simbi (Yakawanda)
Core Format: Q + Yield Point Value + Hunhu Giredhi Symbol + Deoxidation Method Symbol
• Mubvunzo: Yakatorwa kubva mutsamba yekutanga ye "goho rekutsvaga" mupinyin (Qu Fu Dian), ichiratidza simba regoho sechiratidzo chekutanga chekuita.
• Kukosha kwenhamba: Zvinoreva zvakananga nzvimbo yegoho (chikamu: MPa). Semuenzaniso, Q235 inoratidza goho poindi ≥235 MPa, nepo Q345 inoreva ≥345 MPa.
• Quality Giredhi Symbol: Yakakamurwa kuva magiredhi mashanu (A, B, C, D, E) zvinoenderana nekukanganisa kuomarara zvinodiwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro (Giredhi A haridi bvunzo yekukanganisa; Giredhi E rinoda -40°C yakaderera-temperature bvunzo yekukanganisa). Semuenzaniso, Q345D inoreva simbi yakaderera-alloy ine simba regoho re345 MPa uye Grade D mhando.
• Deoxidation nzira zviratidzo: F (isina-running simbi), b (semi-akaurayiwa simbi), Z (akaurayiwa simbi), TZ (special vakaurayiwa simbi). Simbi yakaurayiwa inopa mhando yepamusoro kune yemahara-inomhanya simbi. Injiniya maitiro anowanzo shandisa Z kana TZ (inogona kusiiwa). Semuenzaniso, Q235AF inoreva simbi inomhanya-mhanya, nepo Q235B inoreva semi-yakaurayiwa simbi (default).
2. High-Quality Carbon Structural Steel
Core Format: Nhamba ine manhamba maviri + (Mn)
• Nhamba mbiri-manhamba: Inomiririra avhareji kabhoni yemukati (inotaridzwa muzvikamu pazviuru gumi), semuenzaniso, 45 simbi inoratidza kabhoni ≈ 0.45%, 20 simbi inoratidza kabhoni ≈ 0.20%.
• Mn: Inoratidza huwandu hwemanganese (> 0.7%). Semuenzaniso, 50Mn inoreva yakakwira-manganese kabhoni simbi ine 0.50% kabhoni.
3. Alloy Structural Steel
Core fomati: Nhamba-nhamba mbiri + alloy element chiratidzo + nhamba + (mamwe alloy element zviratidzo + nhamba)
• Nhamba mbiri dzekutanga: Avhareji yekabhoni yemukati (pazviuru gumi), semuenzaniso, "40" mu40Cr inomiririra kabhoni ≈ 0.40%.
• Alloy element zviratidzo: Kazhinji Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Si (silicon), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), zvichingodaro, inomiririra yekutanga alloying elements.
• Digit inotevera element: Inoratidza alloy element yeavhareji yezvinhu (mumuzana). Zvemukati <1.5% zvinosiya digit; 1.5% -2.49% inoreva "2", zvichingodaro. Semuenzaniso, mu35CrMo, hapana nhamba inotevera "Cr" (zviri mukati ≈ 1%), uye hapana nhamba inotevera "Mo" (zviri mukati ≈ 0.2%). Izvi zvinoreva alloy structural simbi ine 0.35% kabhoni, ine chromium uye molybdenum.
4. Stainless Steel / Heat-Resistant Steel
Core Format: Nhamba + Alloy Element Symbol + Nhamba + (Zvimwe Zvinhu)
• Nhamba inotungamira: Inomiririra avhareji yekabhoni yemukati (muzvikamu pachuru), semuenzaniso, "2" mu2Cr13 inoratidza kabhoni yemukati ≈0.2%, "0" mu0Cr18Ni9 inoratidza kabhoni ≤0.08%.
• Alloy element chiratidzo + nhamba: Zvinhu zvakaita seCr (chromium) kana Ni (nickel) zvichiteverwa nenhamba inoratidza avhareji yezvinhu (mumuzana). Semuenzaniso, 1Cr18Ni9 inoratidza austenitic Stainless simbi ine 0.1% kabhoni, 18% chromium, uye 9% nickel.
5. Carbon Tool Steel
Core fomati: T + nhamba
• T: Kubva pabhii rekutanga re“carbon” mupinyin (Tan), rinomirira carbon tool steel.
• Nhamba: Avhareji yekabhoni yemukati (inotaridzwa sechikamu), semuenzaniso, T8 inoratidzira kabhoni yemukati ≈0.8%, T12 inoratidza kabhoni ≈1.2%.
US Steel Dhizaini: ASTM/SAE System
Mazita esimbi eUS anonyanya kutevedzera ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) uye SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) zviyero. Iyo yepakati fomati ine "numeric musanganiswa + tsamba suffix," inosimbisa simbi giredhi kupatsanurwa uye kabhoni yemukati yekuzivisa.
1. Carbon Steel uye Alloy Structural Steel (SAE/ASTM Common)
Core Format: Nhamba ine manhamba + (tsamba suffix)
• Madijiti maviri ekutanga: Ratidza rudzi rwesimbi uye maaroyiri ekutanga, achishanda se "classification code." Matsamba akajairika anosanganisira:
◦10XX: Carbon steel (hapana alloying elements), semuenzaniso, 1008, 1045.
◦15XX: High-manganese carbon steel (manganese content 1.00% -1.65%), semuenzaniso, 1524.
◦41XX: Chromium-molybdenum simbi (chromium 0.50% -0.90%, molybdenum 0.12% -0.20%), semuenzaniso, 4140.
◦43XX: Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (nickel 1.65% -2.00%, chromium 0.40% -0.60%), semuenzaniso, 4340.
◦30XX: Nickel-Chromium Steel (ine 2.00% -2.50% Ni, 0.70% -1.00% Cr), semuenzaniso, 3040.
• Nhamba mbiri dzekupedzisira: Inomiririra avhareji yekabhoni yemukati (muzvikamu pazviuru gumi), semuenzaniso, 1045 inoratidza kabhoni yemukati ≈ 0.45%, 4140 inoratidza kabhoni yemukati ≈ 0.40%.
• Mavara echivakashure: Ipa zvinhu zvekuwedzera, zvinowanzosanganisira:
◦ B: Boron-ine simbi (inowedzera kuoma), semuenzaniso, 10B38.
◦ L: Simbi ine lead (inofambisa machinability), semuenzaniso, 12L14.
◦ H: Yakavimbiswa kuoma kwesimbi, semuenzaniso, 4140H.
2. Stainless Simbi (Kunyanya ASTM Standards)
Core Format: Nhamba ine manhamba matatu (+ tsamba)
• Nhamba: Inomiririra "nhamba yekutevedzana" inoenderana neyakagadziriswa kuumbwa uye zvivakwa. Kubata nemusoro zvakakwana; kukarukureta hazvidiwi. Common indasitiri mamakisi anosanganisira:
◦304: 18% -20% chromium, 8% -10.5% nickel, austenitic simbi isina tsvina (yakawanda, corrosion resistant).
◦316: Inowedzera 2% -3% molybdenum kusvika ku304, inopa hukuru hweasidhi / alkali kuramba uye kushanda kwepamusoro-tembiricha.
◦430: 16% -18% chromium, ferritic Stainless steel (nickel-isina, mutengo wakaderera, unowanzoita ngura).
◦410: 11.5% -13.5% chromium, martensitic simbi isina tsvina (yakaoma, yakakwirira kuoma).
• Tsamba dzakakwana: Somuenzaniso, "L" mu 304L inoreva kabhoni yakaderera (carbon ≤0.03%), kuderedza intergranular corrosion panguva yekuputika; iyo "H" mu304H inoratidza kabhoni yakakwira (carbon 0.04% -0.10%), inosimudzira kusimba kwepamusoro.
Misiyano Yakakosha Pakati peChinese neAmerican Giredhi Dhizaini
1. Different Nameing Logics
Mitemo yeChina yekupa mazita inonyatso funga simba regoho, kabhoni yemukati, alloy zvinhu, nezvimwe, uchishandisa musanganiswa wemabhii, manhamba, uye zviratidzo zvechinhu kunyatso buritsa zvimiro zvesimbi, kufambisa nemusoro uye kunzwisisa. IUS inonyanya kutsamira pakutevedzana kwenhamba kuratidza mamakisi nezvinyorwa zvesimbi, zviri mapfupi asi zvinonetsa kuti vasiri nyanzvi vadudzire.
2. Details in Alloy Element Representation
China inopa humbowo hwakadzama hwezvinhu zvealloy, zvichitsanangura nzira dzekunyora dzinobva pane dzakasiyana siyana zvemukati; Nepo iyo US ichiratidzawo alloy zvemukati, notation yayo yetrace elements inosiyana nemaitiro eChina.
3. Misiyano Yekuda Kwekushandisa
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemaitiro eindasitiri uye maitiro ekuvaka, China neUS vanoratidza zvakasiyana zvido zvemagiredhi esimbi mune mamwe maapplication. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwesimbi yekugadzira, China inowanzoshandisa yakaderera-alloy yakakwirira-yakasimba masimbi ekugadzira seQ345; iyo US inogona kusarudza simbi dzinoenderana zvichienderana neASTM zviyero.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-27-2025
