Parizvino, mitemo yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya yemapaipi esimbi anotumira mafuta negasi munyika nekunze kwenyika inosanganisira:
(1) API SPEC 5L "Chimiro cheLine Pipe" neAmerican Petroleum Institute.
(2) Mitemo yepasi rose ISO 3183-1, -2, -3 "Maindasitiri ePetroleum neGasi reChisikigo - Mapaipi eSimbi eMapaipi - Mamiriro eKuendesa Kwehunyanzvi".
(3) Kune mamwe mapaipi akakosha ekufamba daro refu, mamiriro ekuwedzera ehunyanzvi hwekutenga anogadzwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo chaiyo yekushanda.
I. Kupatsanurwa uye Musiyano Mukuru weMapaipi eSimbi muZviyero zveAPI zveKutakura Oiri neGasi
API 5L inowanzo reva mwero wekushanda kwemapombi emapaipi, ayo anosanganisira mapoka maviri makuru: mapaipi esimbi asina musono uye mapaipi esimbi akasungirirwa. Kune mapaipi ekutumira mafuta, mhando dzemapaipi akasungirirwa anowanzo shandiswa dzinosanganisira mapaipi eSpiral Submerged Arc Welded (Mapaipi eSSAW), Mapaipi eWelded Arc Welded Arc akadzika mumvura kwenguva refu (Mapaipi eLSAW), uye Mapaipi Akasungirirwa Anodzivirira Kushanda Kwemagetsi (Mapaipi eERW). Mapaipi esimbi asina musonozvinowanzo sarudzwa kana dhayamita yepombi iri pasi pe152 mm.
Mwero wenyika weChina weGB/T 9711-2011 "Maindasitiri ePetroleum neGasi reMusikirwo - Pipe yeSimbi yeMasisitimu eKutakura Mapaipi" wakagadzirwa zvichibva paAPI 5L.
GB/T 9711-2011 inotsanangura zvinodiwa pakugadzira mapaipi esimbi asina musono uye akasungirirwa pamatanho maviri ekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa (PSL1 nePSL2) anoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekufambisa mapaipi epetroleum negasi rechisikigo. Saka, chiyero ichi chinoshanda chete kumapaipi esimbi asina musono uye akasungirirwa ekutumira petroleum negasi rechisikigo, kwete kumapaipi esimbi akaumbwa.
Magiredhi eSimbi
Muyero weAPI 5L unosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzesimbi dzezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kusanganisira GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X70, X80, nezvimwewo. Mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye maitiro ekugadzira, asi kabhoni yakaenzana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana inodzorwa zvakanyanya.
Maitiro Emhando Yepamusoro
MuAPI 5L simbi pombizvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvakakamurwa kuita PSL1 nePSL2. PSL inomiririra Chiyero Chekutsanangurwa Kwechigadzirwa.
PSL1 inopa zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvemapaipi, ukuwo PSL2 ichipa zvinodiwa zvemakemikari, kuomarara kwenotch, hunhu hwesimba, uye supplementary non-destructive examination (NDE).
Kune mapaipi ePSL1, giredhi repaipi rakafanana negiredhi resimbi (kana zita, semuenzaniso, X42, apo 42 inomiririra simba shoma regoho mupsi). Giredhi racho rinoumbwa nemabhii kana musanganiswa wemabhii nenhamba zvinoratidza simba repaipi uye zvine chekuita nekuumbwa kwemakemikari esimbi.
Pamapaipi ePSL2, giredhi racho rinoumbwawo nemabhii kana musanganiswa wemabhii nenhamba zvinoratidza simba repaipi uye zvine chekuita nemakemikari esimbi. Pamusoro pezvo, rinosanganisira chivakashure chine bhii rimwe chete (R, N, Q, kana M) rinoratidza mamiriro ekutumira. Pamapaipi ePSL2, mushure memamiriro ekutumira, panogona kunge paine mabhii anoratidza mamiriro ebasa: S yenzvimbo dzine sour service kana O yenzvimbo dzine offshore service.
Kuenzanisa Kwemitemo Yemhando Yepamusoro
- PSL2 ine mwero wepamusoro wemhando yepamusoro kupfuura PSL1. Aya mazinga maviri ekuongorora akasiyana kwete chete muzvinodiwa zvekuongorora asiwo mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari uye zvinodiwa zvehunhu hwemakanika. Saka, pakuraira zvinoenderana neAPI 5L, pamusoro pekutsanangura zviratidzo zvakafanana senge zvirevo uye mamakisi esimbi muchibvumirano, mwero wekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa (PSL1 kana PSL2) unofanirwawo kuratidzwa. PSL2 yakaoma kupfuura PSL1 maererano nekuumbwa kwemakemikari, hunhu hwekudhonza, simba rekukanganisa, uye zviratidzo zvekuedza zvisingaparadze.
- PSL1 haidi kuyedzwa kwekushanda kwesimba, nepo PSL2 ichida kuti kune ese magiredhi esimbi kunze kweX80, avhareji yehukuru hwakazara hwe 0°C Akv (simba resimba) inofanira kuva: kureba ≥ 41 J uye kutenderera ≥ 27 J. Kune X80 steel grade, avhareji yehukuru hwakazara hwe 0°C Akv inofanira kuva: kureba ≥ 101 J uye kutenderera ≥ 68 J.
- Mapaipi epaipi anofanira kuongororwa ne hydrostatic pahwaro hwepombi nepaipi, uye chiyero hachibvumiri kuyedzwa kusingaparadzi kutsiva kuyedzwa kwe hydrostatic. Uyu mutsauko mukuru pakati pemitemo ye API nemirairo yeChina. PSL1 haidi kuyedzwa kusingaparadzi, nepo PSL2 ichida kuyedzwa kusingaparadzi pahwaro hwepombi nepaipi.
II. Kurongeka uye Musiyano Mukuru weMapaipi eSimbi muISO Standards yeMapaipi eSimbi Asina Musono eOiri neGasi
Muchiyero cheISO 3183 chemapombi esimbi anotumira mafuta negasi, mapaipi esimbi anokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu (A, B, naC) zvichienderana nekusiyana kwezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro, zvinozivikanwawo sezvinodiwa zveGiredhi A, Giredhi B, uye Giredhi C.
Misiyano mikuru ndeiyi inotevera: Zvinodiwa zveISO 3183-1 Giredhi A zvinogadza zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvakafanana nezviri muAPI SPEC 5L, izvo zviri zvemhando yepamusoro. Zvinodiwa zveISO 3183-2 Giredhi B, pamusoro pezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro, zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvinodiwa zvekusimba uye bvunzo dzisingaparadze. Kune mamwe mashandisirwo akakosha, akadai senzvimbo dzakaoma, mamiriro ekunze, uye mamiriro ekupisa akaderera, ayo anoisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pamhando uye kuyedzwa kwemapombi esimbi asina musono, izvi zvinonyanya kuratidzwa muzvinodiwa zveISO 3183-3 Giredhi C.
Tagara tichitevedzera mitemo yepamusoro muindasitiri yemapombi esimbi anofambisa mafuta negasi. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvine chitupa cheAPI, uye zvigadzirwa zvese zvinogadzirwa nekuongororwa zvinoenderana nemitemo yepasi rose neyemuno yakadai seAPI 5L neGB/T 9711-2011, zvichivimbisa kuti mhando yepamusoro, kuvimbika, uye kuchengetedzeka. Zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mapaipi ari kure, nharaunda dzakaoma, uye nharaunda dziri kunze kwegungwa. Sarudza mapaipi edu esimbi emapurojekiti ako emapombi uye unzwe rugare rwepfungwa runouya nekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvine chitupa, zvemhando yepamusoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-27-2026
