Mu byuma bigezweho byo mu nganda, hari ikintu kimwe kigaragara nk'inkingi y'ingenzi mu bwubatsi bw'ubuhanga bitewe n'imiterere yabyo idasanzwe—imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345, itanga uburimbane butunganye bw'imbaraga, gukomera, no gukora neza.
Q345 ni icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gito, cyahoze cyitwa 16Mn. "Q" mu izina ryayo isobanura imbaraga zo gukuraho, mu gihe "345" igaragaza imbaraga zo gukuraho nibura 345 MPa mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Ikurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB/T 1591-2008, ikoreshwa cyane mu biraro, inyubako, imodoka, amato, ubwato bukoresha umuvuduko, n'imishinga y'ubuhanga ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushye cyangwa bisanzwe. Ubusanzwe itangwa mu bihe bishyushye cyangwa bisanzwe.
Kuba ihuye n'imikorere myiza mu gutunganya ni ikindi cyiza gikomeye cy'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345. Ingano yayo ya karuboni nke (ubusanzwe ≤0.20%) hamwe n'imiterere yayo myiza ya alloy bitanga ubushobozi bwo gusudira neza. Byaba hakoreshejwe gusudira icyuma gikozwe n'intoki, gusudira icyuma gitwikiriye, cyangwa gusudira hakoreshejwe gaze, guhuza ibyuma bihamye kandi byizewe bishobora kugerwaho, bigahura n'ibikenewe cyane mu bwubatsi bw'aho hantu. Byongeye kandi, imikorere yayo ikonje kandi ishyushye ituma ikorwa mu bice bitandukanye bifite ishusho binyuze mu nzira nko gukurura, gupfunyika, no gukanda, bigatuma habaho imiterere itandukanye y'ubuhanga.
Imiterere y'Ikoreshwa: Kuva ku Nyubako Zidasanzwe kugeza ku Ibikorwaremezo by'Ingufu, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 yageze mu bice byose by'inganda zigezweho. Mu bwubatsi no mu buhanga mu by'ibiraro, ishyigikira imiterere y'inyubako ndende kandi ikora nk'inkingi z'ingenzi z'ibiraro bizenguruka imigezi, ikoresha imbaraga zayo nyinshi kugira ngo igabanye uburemere bw'inyubako mu gihe ihangana n'imitingito n'umuyaga mwinshi binyuze mu gukomera kwayo. Ingufu z'imashini z'ubuhanga, imiyoboro y'imodoka zikomeye, n'inkingi z'ibikoresho by'imashini byose bisaba ibikoresho bihuza imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa. Binyuze mu nzira zo gukurura ubukonje no kwagura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 ihura neza n'ibikenewe mu buryo bwa mekanike by'ibice bitandukanye, bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibikoresho. Mu bikorwa by'ingufu n'imiyoboro—nk'imiyoboro y'amavuta na gaze, imiyoboro y'amazi n'ubushyuhe mu mijyi, n'imiyoboro ishyushya cyane mu byuma bishyushya—ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira igitutu cy'imbere n'igitutu cyo hanze. Imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345, ivuwe n'uburinzi bw'ingese ku buso (urugero, gusiga irangi, gusiga ibyuma), ikora neza igihe kirekire mu bidukikije bikonje, by'umukungugu, cyangwa byangiza buhoro buhoro, irinda gutwara ingufu mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze.
Igenzura ry'ibikorwa:Ubwiza bw'Ingano Kuva ku Ingot Kugera ku Bicuruzwa Byarangiye Gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 ishingiye ku kugenzura neza inzira yo kuyikora. Imiyoboro idakora neza iracukurwa, irazunguruka, kandi ingana kugira ngo irebe ko ubugari bw'urukuta n'uburyo bungana. Imiyoboro icukuwe ikorwa binyuze mu gusudira imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu buryo bwo hejuru cyangwa munsi y'amazi, hagakurikiraho isuzuma ridasenya no kugabanya ubushyuhe kugira ngo hakurweho ibyago bishobora kwangirika mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Buri muyoboro w'icyuma wa Q345 wujuje ibisabwa ugenzurwa kenshi—harimo ibizamini byo gukurura, ibizamini by'ingaruka, n'ibipimo by'ubukana—kugira ngo hamenyekane ko imikorere yubahirizwa.
Ingendo z'ejo hazaza:Inzira Ishingiye ku Kurengera Ibidukikije n'Udushya mu Kuvugurura
Bitewe no guteza imbere intego za "karuboni ebyiri" hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubusabe bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye mu nganda, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 irimo gutera imbere igana ku musaruro mwiza no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ku ruhande rumwe, binyuze mu buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha microalloying (nk'inyongeramo ibintu nka niobium na titanium), inkomoko nshya y'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 irushaho kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibirungo mu gihe ikomeza gukomera, ikagera kuri "byinshi hamwe n'ibike." Ku rundi ruhande, kuvugurura umusaruro mu buryo bw'ubwenge—kuva ku kugenzura imiterere y'icyuma gishongeshejwe mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo kugeza ku guhanura imikorere y'umusaruro urangiye—byongera umutuzo w'umusaruro no kuzamuka k'umusaruro binyuze mu kugenzura ikoranabuhanga kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera.
Mu buryo bwo gukoresha, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 irimo kwaguka mu rwego rushya rw'ingufu—inyubako zishyigikira iminara ya turbine y'umuyaga, ibice bitwara imizigo ku miyoboro ya photovoltaic, n'imiyoboro itwara hydrogen byose bitanga ibisabwa bishya ku mbaraga z'ibikoresho no kwirinda ikirere. Binyuze mu kunoza imikorere, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 igenda iba ibikoresho bikunzwe muri izi nzego. Kuva ku mijyi kugeza ku nzira z'ingufu, kuva ku mashini ziremereye kugeza ku bikorwa remezo rusange, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 igaragaza agaciro k'inganda z'icyuma gifite imbaraga nkeya binyuze mu byiza byacyo by'ingenzi byo gukomera cyane, gukomera cyane, no koroshya gutunganya. Ntabwo ari ikimenyetso cy'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu bikoresho by'icyuma gusa ahubwo ni n'"inkingi y'icyuma" y'ingenzi mu bwubatsi bugezweho bw'ubuhanga. Mu nganda zizaza, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Q345 izakomeza gusubiza ibyifuzo by'igihe binyuze mu guhanga udushya no kuvugurura, ishyira "imbaraga z'icyuma" mu mishinga minini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-01-2025
