Miyeso ya chitoliro chachitsulo

Mapaipi achitsuloAmagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana m'mapaipi ozungulira, amakona anayi, amakona anayi, ndi ooneka ngati apadera; pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili m'mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi kaboni, mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi zinthu zochepa, mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndi mapaipi ophatikizika; komanso pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi otumizira mapaipi, zomangamanga, zida zotenthetsera, mafakitale a petrochemical, kupanga makina, kuboola miyala, ndi zida zopanikizika kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira, amagawidwa m'mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika ndi mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa. Mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika amagawidwanso m'mitundu yozungulira yotentha ndi yozungulira yozizira (yokokedwa), pomwe mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa amagawidwa m'mapaipi ozungulira olumikizidwa ndi ozungulira olumikizidwa.

 

Pali njira zambiri zoyimira magawo a chitoliro. Pansipa pali mafotokozedwe a miyeso ya chitoliro yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: NPS, DN, OD ndi Schedule.

(1) NPS (Kukula kwa Chitoliro Chodziwika)

NPS ndi muyezo wa ku North America wa mapaipi amphamvu/otsika komanso otentha kwambiri/otsika. Ndi nambala yopanda muyeso yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza kukula kwa mapaipi. Nambala yotsatira NPS imasonyeza kukula kwa mapaipi wamba.

NPS imachokera ku dongosolo lakale la IPS (Kukula kwa Chitoliro cha Chitsulo). Dongosolo la IPS linakhazikitsidwa kuti lisiyanitse kukula kwa chitoliro, ndi miyeso yomwe imafotokozedwa mu mainchesi kuyimira dayamita yamkati yoyerekeza. Mwachitsanzo, chitoliro cha IPS cha mainchesi 6 chimasonyeza dayamita yamkati yokwana mainchesi 6. Ogwiritsa ntchito anayamba kutchula mapaipi ngati mapaipi a mainchesi 2, mainchesi 4, kapena mainchesi 6.

 

(2) M'mimba mwake DN (M'mimba mwake dzina)

DN ya Diameter Yodziwika: Njira ina yoyimira diameter yodziwika bwino (bore). Imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapayipi ngati chizindikiritso chophatikiza zilembo ndi manambala, chomwe chimakhala ndi zilembo DN zotsatiridwa ndi nambala yopanda malire. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti DN ya Diameter Yodziwika bwino ndi nambala yozungulira yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yokhala ndi ubale wosasunthika ndi miyeso yeniyeni yopangira. Nambala yotsatira DN nthawi zambiri imagawidwa mu miyeso ya mamilimita (mm). Mu miyezo yaku China, mainchesi a mapaipi nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti DNXX, monga DN50.

Ma diameter a mapaipi amaphatikizapo mainchesi akunja (OD), mainchesi amkati (ID), ndi mainchesi odziwika (DN/NPS). Mainchesi odziwika (DN/NPS) sakugwirizana ndi mainchesi enieni akunja kapena amkati a chitolirocho. Pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa, mainchesi akunja ogwirizana ndi makulidwe a khoma ayenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zofunikira kuti awerenge mainchesi amkati a chitolirocho.

 

(3) Chidutswa chakunja (OD)

Chidutswa Chakunja (OD): Chizindikiro cha chidutswa chakunja ndi Φ, ndipo chingatchulidwe kuti OD. Padziko lonse lapansi, mapaipi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula madzi nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akunja: Series A (ma diameter akuluakulu akunja, imperial) ndi Series B (ma diameter ang'onoang'ono akunja, metric).

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapaipi achitsulo akunja m'mimba mwake padziko lonse lapansi, monga ISO (International Organization for Standardization), JIS (Japan), DIN (Germany), ndi BS (UK).

 

(4) Ndondomeko ya Kukhuthala kwa Khoma la Chitoliro

Mu Marichi 1927, Komiti Yoyang'anira Miyezo ya ku America inachita kafukufuku wa mafakitale ndipo inayambitsa kukwera pang'ono pakati pa magulu awiri akuluakulu a makulidwe a makoma a mapaipi. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito SCH kutanthauza makulidwe enieni a mapaipi.

 

 Chitsulo cha EHONG--miyeso ya chitoliro chachitsulo