Kodi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chimapangidwa bwanji?

1. Chiyambi cha chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika

Chitoliro chopanda msoko ndi mtundu wa chitsulo chozungulira, chabwalo, chamakona anayi chokhala ndi gawo lopanda kanthu komanso chopanda malo olumikizirana. Chitoliro chopanda msoko chimapangidwa ndi ingot yachitsulo kapena chubu cholimba chopanda kanthu chomwe chimabowoledwa mu chubu cha ubweya, kenako chimapangidwa ndi kugwedezeka kotentha, kugwedezeka kozizira kapena kujambula kozizira. Chitoliro chopanda msoko chili ndi gawo lopanda kanthu, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ponyamula mapaipi amadzimadzi, chitoliro chachitsulo ndi chitsulo chozungulira ndi chitsulo china cholimba, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapaipi amadzimadzi, chitoliro chachitsulo ndi chitsulo chozungulira ndi chitsulo china cholimba, chomwe nthawi yomweyo chimakhala chopepuka, ndipo ndi mtundu wa gawo lachuma la chitsulo, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zigawo za kapangidwe kake ndi zida zamakanika, monga kukumba mafuta ndi chitsulo cholumikizira.

2. Mbiri ya chitukuko cha mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika

Kupanga mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika kwakhala ndi mbiri ya zaka pafupifupi 100. Abale a ku Germany otchedwa Manisman adapanga makina oboola mapaipi okhala ndi mipata iwiri mu 1885, ndipo adapanga makina oboola mapaipi ozungulira nthawi zonse mu 1891. Mu 1903, Swiss RCStiefel idapanga makina oboola mapaipi odziyimira pawokha (omwe amadziwikanso kuti makina oboola mapaipi apamwamba), ndipo pambuyo pake padawonekera makina oboola mapaipi opitilira ndi makina opondereza mapaipi ndi makina ena owonjezera, omwe adayamba kupanga makampani amakono a mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika. Mu 1930, mtundu wa mapaipi achitsulo unasinthidwa potengera makina oboola mapaipi okhala ndi mipata itatu, makina otulutsira ndi makina oboola mapaipi ozizira nthawi ndi nthawi. Mu 1960, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa makina oboola mapaipi opitilira, kuonekera kwa makina oboola mapaipi atatu, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito makina ochepetsa kupsinjika ndi kupambana kwa billet yopangira, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito opanga, kukulitsa mphamvu ya mapaipi osasunthika ndi mpikisano wa mapaipi olumikizidwa. Mu 1970, mapaipi osasunthika ndi mapaipi olumikizidwa ali pafupi, kutulutsa mapaipi padziko lonse lapansi pamlingo woposa 5% pachaka. Kuyambira mu 1953, dziko la China lakhala likuika patsogolo kwambiri chitukuko cha makampani opanga mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ndipo poyamba lapanga njira yopangira mapaipi akuluakulu, apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono. Chitoliro cha mkuwa chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pobowola mapaipi a ingot, kugwetsa machubu, ndi njira yojambulira ma coil.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugawa chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko

Gwiritsani ntchito:

Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasemphana ndi mtundu wa chitsulo chachuma, chomwe chili ndi udindo wofunikira kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta, makampani opanga mankhwala, boiler, siteshoni yamagetsi, sitima, kupanga makina, magalimoto, ndege, ndege, mphamvu, nthaka, zomangamanga ndi zankhondo ndi zina.

Gulu:

(1) Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gawo, limagawidwa m'zigawo zozungulira ndi zigawo zooneka ngati zapadera.

(2) Malinga ndi zinthu: chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni, chitoliro chachitsulo cha alloy, chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitoliro chophatikizana

(3) Malinga ndi njira yolumikizira: chitoliro cholumikizira chokhala ndi ulusi, chitoliro cholumikizidwa

(4) Malinga ndi njira yopangira: chitoliro chotentha chogubuduza (chotulutsa, pamwamba, chokulitsa), chitoliro chozizira chogubuduza (chojambula)

(5) pogwiritsa ntchito: chitoliro cha boiler, chitoliro cha mafuta, chitoliro cha mapaipi, chitoliro cha kapangidwe, chitoliro cha feteleza wa mankhwala……

4, njira yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika

① Njira yaikulu yopangira (njira yayikulu yowunikira) chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chotentha:

Kukonzekera ndi kuyang'ana chubu chopanda kanthu → Kutentha chubu chopanda kanthu → kubowoka → Kuzungulira chubu → Kutenthetsa chubu mu zinyalala → Kukonza (kuchepetsa) mainchesi → Kuchiza kutentha → Kuwongola chitoliro chomalizidwa → Kumaliza → Kuyang'ana (kosawononga, mwakuthupi ndi mankhwala, kuyang'ana patebulo) → Kusunga

② Chitoliro chachitsulo chozizira chopindidwa (chojambula) chopanda msoko njira yayikulu yopangira

Kukonzekera kopanda kanthu → mafuta odzola → kupukuta kozizira (kujambula) → kutentha → kuwongola → kumaliza → kuyang'anira.

5. Tchati cha njira yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chotentha ndi motere: