He mea koʻikoʻi ka wehewehe pono ʻana i nā māka kila no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokō pono ʻana o nā mea a me ka palekana o ka papahana ma ka hoʻolālā kila, ke kūʻai ʻana, a me ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻOiai ke kaʻana like ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kila kila o nā ʻāina ʻelua, hōʻike pū lākou i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa no nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.
Hoailona kila Pake
ʻO nā inoa kila Kina e hahai ana i ke ʻano kumu o "Leta Pinyin + hōʻailona element chemical + helu Arabic," me kēlā me kēia ʻano e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai waiwai. Aia ma lalo iho ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻano kila maʻamau:
1. ʻO ke kila kila / haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻailona Koʻikoʻi: Q + Waiwai Huna Hua + Hōʻailona Papa Kūlana + Hōʻailona Deoxidation Method
• Nīnau: Loaʻa mai ka leka mua o ka "helu hua" ma ka pinyin (Qu Fu Dian), e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika hua ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona hana mua.
• Waiwai helu: Hōʻike pololei i ka helu hua (unit: MPa). No ka laʻana, hōʻike ʻo Q235 i kahi kiko hua ≥235 MPa, aʻo Q345 e hōʻike i ka ≥345 MPa.
• Hōʻailona Papa Kūleʻa: Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelima mau māka (A, B, C, D, E) e pili ana i nā koi o ka paʻakikī e pili ana mai ka haʻahaʻa a i ke kiʻekiʻe (ʻaʻole pono ka papa A i kahi hoʻokolohua hopena; Pono ka papa E -40°C i ka hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa). No ka laʻana, hōʻike ka Q345D i ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka ikaika hoʻohua o 345 MPa a me ka maikaʻi D.
• Nā hōʻailona hana Deoxidation: F (he kila holoʻokoʻa), b (he kila semi-kiled), Z (he kila pepehi kanaka), TZ (he kila pepehi kūikawā). Hāʻawi ke kila killed i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi ma mua o ke kila holo manuahi. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka hana ʻenekinia iā Z a i ʻole TZ (hiki ke waiho ʻia). No ka laʻana, hōʻike ka Q235AF i ke kila holo manuahi, ʻoiai ʻo Q235B e hōʻike ana i ke kila semi-kiled (paʻamau).
2. Kiekie-Quality Carbon Structural Steel
ʻAno kumu: Helu helu ʻelua + (Mn)
• Helu helu ʻelua: Hōʻike i ka maʻiʻo kalapona maʻamau (i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāpana no ka ʻumi tausani), e laʻa, 45 kila e hōʻike ana i ke kalapona ≈ 0.45%, 20 kila e hōʻike ana i ke kalapona ≈ 0.20%.
• Mn: Hōʻike i ka ʻike manganese kiʻekiʻe (>0.7%). No ka laʻana, hōʻike ka 50Mn i kahi kila kalapona manganese kiʻekiʻe me 0.50% kalapona.
3. Alloy Structural Steel
Hōʻuluʻulu kumu: Helu helu ʻelua + hōʻailona element alloy + helu + (nā hōʻailona ʻeleʻele ʻē aʻe + helu)
• Nā huahelu mua ʻelua: ʻO ka maʻiʻo kalapona maʻamau (no ka ʻumi tausani), e laʻa, "40" i 40Cr hōʻike i ka maʻi kalapona ≈ 0.40%.
• Nā hōʻailona mea hui: Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Si (silicon), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), etc., e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻohui mua.
• Helu huahelu ma hope: Hōʻike i ka maʻiʻo maʻamau o ka mea huila (ma ka pākēneka). ʻAʻole ka helu ma lalo o 1.5%; ʻO 1.5% -2.49% ka hōʻike ʻana i ka "2", a pēlā aku. No ka laʻana, ma 35CrMo, ʻaʻohe helu ma hope o "Cr" (maʻiʻo ≈ 1%), a ʻaʻohe helu ma hope o "Mo" (maʻiʻo ≈ 0.2%). Hōʻike kēia i ke kila kila kila me 0.35% kalapona, loaʻa ka chromium a me ka molybdenum.
4. Ke kila kila / ke kila-wela
ʻAno kumu: Helu + Hōʻailona Element Alloy + Helu + (Nā Mea ʻē aʻe)
• Helu alakaʻi: Hōʻike i ka maʻiʻo kalapona maʻamau (ma nā ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia tausani), e laʻa, "2" ma 2Cr13 e hōʻike ana i ke kalapona ≈0.2%, "0" ma 0Cr18Ni9 e hōʻike ana i ka maʻiʻo kalapona ≤0.08%.
• Hōʻailona element Alloy + helu: Nā mea e like me Cr (chromium) a i ʻole Ni (nickel) a ukali ʻia e kekahi helu e hōʻike ana i ka maʻiʻo ʻeleʻele maʻamau (ma ka pākēneka). No ka laʻana, 1Cr18Ni9 hōʻike i ka austenitic stainless steel me 0.1% kalapona, 18% chromium, a me 9% nickel.
5. Ke kila kila kila
ʻAno kumu: T + helu
• T: Loaʻa mai ka hua mua o ka "carbon" ma ka pinyin (Tan), e hōʻike ana i ke kila mea hana kalapona.
• Helu: ʻO ka maʻiʻo kalapona maʻamau (i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka), no ka laʻana, ʻo T8 e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi kalapona ≈0.8%, ʻo T12 e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi kalapona ≈1.2%.
US Steel Designations: ASTM/SAE System
ʻO nā inoa kila o US e hahai mua ana i nā kūlana ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) a me SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). ʻO ke ʻano kumu he "hui huahelu + suffix leka," e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka pae kila a me ka ʻike ʻike kalapona.
1. ʻO ke kila kila a me ke kila huila (SAE/ASTM maʻamau)
ʻAno kumu: Helu helu ʻehā + (suffix huaʻōlelo)
• Nā huahelu mua ʻelua: Hōʻike i ke ʻano kila a me nā mea hoʻohuihui mua, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he "code classification." Aia nā leka maʻamau:
◦10XX: Ke kila kalapona (ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohuihui), e laʻa, 1008, 1045.
◦15XX: Ke kila kalapona manganese kiʻekiʻe (maʻiʻo manganese 1.00%-1.65%), laʻa, 1524.
◦41XX: Ke kila Chromium-molybdenum (chromium 0.50% -0.90%, molybdenum 0.12% -0.20%), laʻa, 4140.
◦43XX: Nikela-Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (nickel 1.65% -2.00%, chromium 0.40% -0.60%), laʻa, 4340.
◦30XX: Nickel-Chromium Steel (loaʻa ka 2.00% -2.50% Ni, 0.70% -1.00% Cr), laʻa, 3040.
• Nā huahelu ʻelua hope loa: E hōʻike i ka maʻiʻo kalapona maʻamau (ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻumi tausani), no ka laʻana, 1045 hōʻike i ke kalapona ≈ 0.45%, 4140 hōʻike i ke kalapona ≈ 0.40%.
• Nā suffixes leka: Hāʻawi i nā waiwai waiwai, e like me:
◦ B: Ke kila me ka boron (hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī), laʻa, 10B38.
◦ L: Ke kila me ke kēpau (e hoʻoikaika i ka mīkini), e laʻa, 12L14.
◦ H: Ke kila paʻakikī paʻakikī, laʻa, 4140H.
2. Ke kila kila (ʻO nā kūlana mua o ASTM)
Pūnaehana kumu: Helu helu ʻekolu (+ leka)
• Helu: E hōʻike ana i kahi "helu helu" e pili ana i ka haku mele a me nā waiwai. Ua lawa ka hoomanao ana; ʻaʻole pono ka helu ʻana. Loaʻa nā māka ʻoihana maʻamau:
◦304: 18% -20% chromium, 8% -10.5% nickel, austenitic stainless steel (ka mea maʻamau, pale i ka corrosion).
◦316: Hoʻohui i ka 2% -3% molybdenum i ka 304, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waikawa / alkali a me ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe.
◦430: 16% -18% chromium, ferritic stainless steel (nickel-free, low cost, prone to rust).
◦410: 11.5% -13.5% chromium, martensitic stainless steel (paʻakikī, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe).
• Nā suffixes leka: No ka laʻana, ʻo ka "L" ma 304L e hōʻike ana i ke kalapona haʻahaʻa (carbon ≤0.03%), e hōʻemi ana i ka corrosion intergranular i ka wā wili; ʻO ka "H" ma 304H e hōʻike ana i ke kalapona kiʻekiʻe (carbon 0.04% -0.10%), e hoʻonui ana i ka ikaika wela.
Nā ʻokoʻa kumu ma waena o nā koho papa Kina a me ʻAmelika
1. ʻOkoʻa inoa Logics
E noʻonoʻo pono nā lula inoa o Kina i ka ikaika o ka hoʻohua ʻana, ka ʻike kalapona, nā mea hoʻohuihui, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui pū ʻana o nā leka, nā helu, a me nā hōʻailona element e hoʻopuka pololei i nā waiwai kila, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana a me ka ʻike. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ʻo ʻAmelika i nā kaʻina helu e hōʻike i nā māka kila a me nā haku mele, he pōkole akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no ka poʻe ʻaʻole loea e wehewehe.
2. Nā kiko'ī ma ka Alloy Element Representation
Hāʻawi ʻo Kina i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o nā mea alloy, e wehewehe ana i nā ʻano lepili e pili ana i nā pae ʻike like ʻole; ʻOiai ke hōʻike nei ʻo ʻAmelika i ka ʻikepili alloy, ʻokoʻa kona notation no nā trace element mai nā hana a Kina.
3. Nā ʻokoʻa makemake o ka noi
Ma muli o nā kūlana ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā hana kūkulu, hōʻike ʻo Kina a me ʻAmelika i nā makemake ʻokoʻa no nā māka kila kūikawā i kekahi mau noi. Eia kekahi laʻana, i ka hana kila kila, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻo Kina i nā kila kila kiʻekiʻe e like me Q345; hiki i ka US ke koho i nā kila e pili ana i nā kūlana ASTM.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-27-2025
