ʻO nā papa ana waena a me ke kaumaha e pili ana i nā papa kila me ka mānoanoa o 4.5–25.0 mm; ʻo nā mea me ka mānoanoa o 25.0–100.0 mm ua kapa ʻia he mau papa ana kaumaha, a ʻo nā mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100.0 mm ka mānoanoa ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he mau papa ana kaumaha loa.
Nā kikoʻī no nā papa waena a me ke kaumaha
I. Nā Papa Ana Waena a me ke Kaumaha Maʻamau:
Nā papa kila kūkulu haʻahaʻa-alloy (GB 3274-88)
Hana ʻia nā papa kila hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa-alloy e ke kila hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa-alloy e ʻōwili wela ana. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau papa he kila pepehi ʻia a i ʻole ke kila hapa-pepehi ʻia. ʻO ko lākou mau pono e komo pū me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka hana maikaʻi loa, ka mālama nui ʻana i nā mea, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kūkulu ʻana.
Nā Papa Kila Hoʻomaloʻo no nā Hale i Welded ʻia (GB4172-84)
ʻO ke kila weathering e pili ana i ke kila e kū i ka palaho o ka lewa. Hana ʻia ke kila weathering no nā hale i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohuihui—e like me ka manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, niobium, titanium, zirconium, a me vanadium—i ke kila. Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi papa pale ma luna o ka ʻili o ka matrix metala, e hoʻonui ana i ke kūpaʻa o ke kila i ka wā a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia.
Nā Papa Kila Kūkulu Kūpaʻa i ke Anu Kiʻekiʻe (GB4171-84)
ʻO ke kila kūpaʻa i ka wā e pili ana i ke kila kūpaʻa i ka ʻino o ka lewa. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohuihui—e like me ka hao, ka phosphorus, ka chromium, ka nickel, ka molybdenum, ka niobium, ka titanium, ka zirconium, a me ka vanadium—i ke kila, hana ʻia kahi papa pale ma luna o ka ʻili o ka matrix metala, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ke kūpaʻa o ke kila i ka wā.
Nā Papa Kila Hoʻohālike (GB3277-82)
ʻO nā papa kila i hoʻohālikelike ʻia he mau papa kila me nā iwi ʻaoʻao i hāpai ʻia e like me ke ʻano daimana a i ʻole ke ʻano lentil ma ko lākou ʻili. Hōʻike ʻia ko lākou mau kikoʻī e ko lākou mānoanoa (koe naʻe ka mānoanoa o nā iwi ʻaoʻao i hāpai ʻia).
Nā Papa Waena a me ke Kaumaha Kiʻekiʻe:
Nā Papa Waena a me nā Papa Kaumaha i ʻōwili wela ʻia me ke kila kūkulu kalapona kiʻekiʻe (GB711-88)
ʻO nā papa kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ʻōwili wela ʻia, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo nā papa kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, ua hana ʻia me ke kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a hana ʻia ma o ka ʻōwili wela. Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia iā lākou ma nā kūlana maʻamau, annealed, a i ʻole tempered.
Nā papa kaumaha kalapona ʻōwili wela kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa (GB3275-82)
Hana ʻia nā papa mānoanoa kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa mai ke kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a hana ʻia ma o ka ʻōwili wela. Ma muli o nā ʻano hana a me ka hohonu o ka hana ʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ʻekolu mau māhele: kaha hohonu (S), kaha laulā (P), a me ke kūlou anu (W).
Nā Papa Mānoanoa o ke Kila Hana Kalapona (GB3278-82)
Hana ʻia nā papa kila kila kalapona mānoanoa mai ke kila kila kalapona a hana ʻia ma o ka ʻōwili wela. Hāʻawi kēia mau papa i nā waiwai hana anu a wela maikaʻi, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ductility, nā kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa, a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻO ko lākou mau hemahema nui ka pale wela maikaʻi ʻole a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi ʻole; hāʻawi pinepine ʻia lākou i loko o kahi kūlana annealed a i ʻole ke kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Papa Mānoanoa o ke Kila Kūkulu Alloy (GB11251-89)
Hana ʻia nā papa mānoanoa kila kila mai ke kila kila a hana ʻia e ka ʻōwili wela.
Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Papa Kila Waena a me ke Kaumaha ma ke Kaʻina Hana
Hana ʻia nā papa kila waena a me ke kaumaha i ʻōwili wela ʻia ma o ke kaʻina hana ʻōwili wela kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e kahi ʻili laumania a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka hana mīkini, nā hale kūkulu, a me ka hana ʻana i nā ipu.
Hana ʻia nā papa waena a me nā papa kaumaha i ʻōwili anu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana ʻōwili anu haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili a me nā ana pololei, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana kaʻa, ka hana ʻana i nā mea uila, nā lako hoʻomaʻalili, a me ka ʻenekinia moana.
Nā Hoʻohana o nā Papa Waena a me nā Papa Kaumaha
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā papa waena a me nā papa kaumaha i ke ʻenekinia kūkulu hale, ka hana mīkini, ka hana ipu, ke kūkulu moku, a me ke kūkulu alahaka. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi e hana i nā ipu like ʻole, nā pūpū umu, nā papa umu, nā alahaka, a me nā papa kila kūkulu kaʻa, nā papa kila haʻahaʻa-alloy, nā papa kila kūkulu moku, nā papa kila paila, nā papa kila ipu kaomi, nā papa kila checkered, nā papa kila chassis kaʻa, kekahi mau ʻāpana tractor, a me nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa kila waena a me ke ana kaumaha i ke kūkulu ʻana, nā alahaka, nā lako mīkini, nā alaloa, ka mana makani, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala, ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa kila waena a me ke kaumaha o ka aila a me ke kinoea i nā paipu aila a me ke kinoea, nā pahu mālama honua, nā lako hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka hydrogen embrittlement.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau papa i ke kūkulu moku, ka ʻenekinia ma waho o ke kai, a me nā hale awa. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, hiki ke kū i nā kai ʻino a me ka ʻinoʻino o ka wai kai.
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā papa waena a me ka mānoanoa ma ke ʻano o ka ʻili
He ʻili laumania ko kēia me ka ʻole o ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hana ʻana.
ʻO nā papa waena a me ke kaumaha i mālama ʻia ma o ke kaʻina hana pickling, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻili pālahalaha a laumania a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala.
Hoʻopili ʻia kahi papa zinc ma luna o ka ʻili o ka papa ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka papa i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e hoʻoikaika i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o nā papa waena a me ke kaumaha.
Nā ʻano o nā papa kila waena a me ke kaumaha
Ka mua,Hāʻawi lākou i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka hopena a me ka haʻalulu. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kēia mau papa i loko o nā hale a me nā alahaka e hoʻonui nui i ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka palekana.
Ka lua,no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o lākou ma mua o nā papa kila maʻamau, ʻaʻole hāʻawi nā papa mānoanoa waena i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala a ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me ka petrochemicals.
Ke kolu,Loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hāpai i nā ukana maikaʻi a me ka hana maikaʻi loa. I nā noi e like me nā alahaka, nā kaola chassis kaʻa, a me nā hale—kahi e loaʻa ai nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka hiki ke hāpai i nā ukana kila—ʻo ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i kēia mau kūlana hiki ke alakaʻi maʻalahi i nā ulia, e koi nui ai ke koho ʻana i nā mea kila.
Nā kikoʻī a me nā ana o nā papa kila waena a me ke kaumaha
ʻO nā kikoʻī maʻamau no nā papa kila waena a me ke kaumaha e komo pū ana me 4 × 2000 × 6000 mm, 5 × 1500 × 6000 mm, 6 × 1800 × 6000 mm, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mānoanoa maʻamau no nā papa waena a me ke kaumaha he 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, 55 mm, a me 60 mm. ʻO nā laulā maʻamau no nā papa waena a me ke kaumaha he 1500 mm, 1800 mm, a me 2000 mm, ʻoiai ʻo nā lōʻihi maʻamau he 6000 mm, 8000 mm, a me 12000 mm.
Pehea e koho ai i nā papa kila waena a me ke kaumaha
Pono ke koho ʻana o nā papa kila waena a me ke kaumaha e pili ana i nā pono noi kikoʻī a me nā koi kikoʻī. ʻO nā mea e noʻonoʻo ai e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka papa, ka laulā, ka lōʻihi, nā mea hana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili. I ke kaʻina koho ʻana, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea e like me ke kumukūʻai, ka lōʻihi, a me ka palekana, a pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo piha ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-07-2026
