ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pono a me nā hemahema o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paipu square, ke kila ʻalani, ke kila kihi

Pono opaipu huinahalike
ʻO ka ikaika compressive kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kulou maikaʻi, ka ikaika torsional kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka nui o ka ʻāpana.
ʻO ka welding, ka pilina, ka hana maʻalahi, ka plasticity maikaʻi, ke kuʻi anu, ka hana ʻōwili anu.
Nui ili, emi ke kila ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ili, mālama i ke kila.
Hiki i nā prongs a puni ke hoʻonui i ka hiki ke shear o ka lālā.

Nā pōʻino
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka manaʻo ma mua o ke kila channel, ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
He kūpono wale no nā hale me nā koi ikaika piʻo kiʻekiʻe.

Pono oKaila kila
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka piko a me ka torsional ikaika, kūpono no nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā manawa kiʻekiʻe a me ka torsional.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana keʻa, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha, mālama i ke kila.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻāʻī maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hale e pili ana i nā ikaika shear nui.
ʻenehana hana maʻalahi, uku haʻahaʻa.

Nā pōʻino
ʻO ka ikaika compressive haʻahaʻa, kūpono wale no nā hale i kū i ka piko a i ʻole ka torsion.
Ma muli o ka ʻāpana keʻa ʻole, maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i ka buckling kūloko i ka wā i hoʻokau ʻia i ke kaomi.

Pono opā kihi
ʻO ke ʻano keʻa maʻalahi, maʻalahi e hana, haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai.
He kūlou maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa torsion a kūpono i nā hale e pili ana i nā manawa kūlou nui a me nā torsion.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pale.

Nā pōʻino
ʻO ka ikaika compressive haʻahaʻa, pili wale i nā hale i pili i ke kulou a i ʻole ka torsion.
Ma muli o ka ʻāpana keʻa ʻole, maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i ka buckling kūloko i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai.

Loaʻa i nā paipu square, u channel a me ka angle bar ko lākou pono ponoʻī a me nā hemahema, a pono e koho ʻia e like me ka noi maoli.
I ka hihia o ka pono e pale aku i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paipu square.
I ka hihia o ka piko nui a i ʻole ka torsion ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kahawai a me nā kihi.
I ka hihia o ka pono e noʻonoʻo i ke kumukūʻai a me ka ʻenehana hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila a me ke kila kihi.