Hoʻohālikelike o nā pono a me nā hemahema o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paipu huinaha, ke kila kahawai, ke kila kihi

Nā Pōmaikaʻi opaipu huinahā
Ikaika compressive kiʻekiʻe, ikaika kūlou maikaʻi, ikaika torsional kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka nui o ka ʻāpana.
Kuʻihao, pili, hana maʻalahi, plasticity maikaʻi, kūlou anu, hana ʻōwili anu.
ʻĀpana ʻili nui, emi ke kila ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ʻili, e mālama ana i ke kila.
Hiki i nā prongs a puni ke hoʻonui i ka hiki ke ʻoki o ka lālā.

Nā hemahema
ʻOi aku ke kaumaha o ke kumumanaʻo ma mua o ke kila kahawai, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai.
Kūpono wale nō no nā hale me nā koi ikaika kulou kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi oKe kila kahawai
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ke kulou ʻana a me ka torsional, kūpono no nā hale i hoʻokau ʻia i nā manawa kulou a me ka torsional kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana kea, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaumaha, e mālama ana i ke kila.
Kū'ē maika'i ke kāohi ʻokiʻoki, hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia no nā hale i kau 'ia i nā ikaika ʻoki nui.
ʻEnehana hana maʻalahi, kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.

Nā hemahema
ʻO ka ikaika compressive haʻahaʻa, kūpono wale no nā hale i hiki ke kūlou a torsion paha.
Ma muli o ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana keʻa, he maʻalahi ke hana i ka buckling kūloko ke kau ʻia ke kaomi.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi oPā kihi
ʻO ke ʻano ʻokiʻoki maʻalahi, maʻalahi ke hana, haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai.
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi kona i ke kūlou ʻana a me ka torsion a kūpono ia no nā hale i pili i nā manawa kūlou nui a me nā manawa torsion.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻano mea hoʻohuihui like ʻole a me nā mea kākoʻo.

Nā hemahema
ʻO ka ikaika compressive haʻahaʻa, pili wale nō i nā hale i pili i ke kūlou ʻana a i ʻole ka torsion.
Ma muli o ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana keʻa, he maʻalahi ke hana i ka buckling kūloko i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia ai ke kaomi.

Loaʻa i nā paipu huinaha, ke kahawai U a me ke kaola kihi ko lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema, a pono e koho ʻia e like me ka noi maoli.
I ke ʻano o ka pono e kū i ke koʻikoʻi compressive nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paipu huinaha.
I ke ʻano o nā ikaika kulou nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ikaika torsion, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kahawai a me nā kihi.
I ke ʻano o ka pono e noʻonoʻo i ke kumukūʻai a me ka ʻenehana hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila kahawai a me ke kila kihi.